Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation

Background Peritraumatic dissociation is purported to emerge together with attenuated autonomic arousal, immobility, and staring. However, empirical evidence is scarce and heterogeneous. Moreover, it is still a matter of debate whether these responses predict intrusion formation. Objective The prese...

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Autores principales:	Sarah K. Danböck, Julina A. Rattel, Laila K. Franke, Michael Liedlgruber, Stephan F. Miedl, Frank H. Wilhelm
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	trauma dissociation psychophysiology eye-tracking intrusive memories posttraumatic stress disorder trauma-film stressful film Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e38c06a78b24454e844abf2423c318c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e38c06a78b24454e844abf2423c318c02021-12-01T14:40:59ZPeritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation2000-806610.1080/20008198.2021.1991609https://doaj.org/article/e38c06a78b24454e844abf2423c318c02021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1991609https://doaj.org/toc/2000-8066Background Peritraumatic dissociation is purported to emerge together with attenuated autonomic arousal, immobility, and staring. However, empirical evidence is scarce and heterogeneous. Moreover, it is still a matter of debate whether these responses predict intrusion formation. Objective The present trauma-analogue study examined associations between peritraumatic dissociation, autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation. Method Seventy-one healthy women watched a highly aversive film, while autonomic activation (heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, skin conductance level), facial movements (temporal variations in corrugator electromyography), and staring (fixation duration, tracklength) were assessed. Afterwards, participants rated the intensity of dissociation during film viewing and reported intrusions and associated distress in a smartphone application for 24 hours. Results Peritraumatic dissociation was linked to higher autonomic arousal (higher heart rate and, on a trend-level, lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia), increased facial movements, and staring (lower tracklength). Peritraumatic dissociation, higher autonomic arousal (higher heart rate and lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia), staring (higher fixation duration), and, on a trend-level, more facial movements were linked to higher intrusion load (number x distress of intrusions) and together explained 59% of variance. Skin conductance level was neither linked to peritraumatic dissociation nor intrusion load. Conclusions Our results suggest that, at low-dissociation-levels observed in trauma-analogue studies, peritraumatic dissociation may occur together with heightened autonomic arousal and facial movements, indexing increased negative affect. Staring might, irrespectively of dissociation-levels, serve as objective marker for dissociation. Together, peritraumatic dissociation and its psychophysiological correlates might set the stage for later intrusion formation.Sarah K. DanböckJulina A. RattelLaila K. FrankeMichael LiedlgruberStephan F. MiedlFrank H. WilhelmTaylor & Francis Grouparticletraumadissociationpsychophysiologyeye-trackingintrusive memoriesposttraumatic stress disordertrauma-filmstressful filmPsychiatryRC435-571ENEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	trauma dissociation psychophysiology eye-tracking intrusive memories posttraumatic stress disorder trauma-film stressful film Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	trauma dissociation psychophysiology eye-tracking intrusive memories posttraumatic stress disorder trauma-film stressful film Psychiatry RC435-571 Sarah K. Danböck Julina A. Rattel Laila K. Franke Michael Liedlgruber Stephan F. Miedl Frank H. Wilhelm Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
description	Background Peritraumatic dissociation is purported to emerge together with attenuated autonomic arousal, immobility, and staring. However, empirical evidence is scarce and heterogeneous. Moreover, it is still a matter of debate whether these responses predict intrusion formation. Objective The present trauma-analogue study examined associations between peritraumatic dissociation, autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation. Method Seventy-one healthy women watched a highly aversive film, while autonomic activation (heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, skin conductance level), facial movements (temporal variations in corrugator electromyography), and staring (fixation duration, tracklength) were assessed. Afterwards, participants rated the intensity of dissociation during film viewing and reported intrusions and associated distress in a smartphone application for 24 hours. Results Peritraumatic dissociation was linked to higher autonomic arousal (higher heart rate and, on a trend-level, lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia), increased facial movements, and staring (lower tracklength). Peritraumatic dissociation, higher autonomic arousal (higher heart rate and lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia), staring (higher fixation duration), and, on a trend-level, more facial movements were linked to higher intrusion load (number x distress of intrusions) and together explained 59% of variance. Skin conductance level was neither linked to peritraumatic dissociation nor intrusion load. Conclusions Our results suggest that, at low-dissociation-levels observed in trauma-analogue studies, peritraumatic dissociation may occur together with heightened autonomic arousal and facial movements, indexing increased negative affect. Staring might, irrespectively of dissociation-levels, serve as objective marker for dissociation. Together, peritraumatic dissociation and its psychophysiological correlates might set the stage for later intrusion formation.
format	article
author	Sarah K. Danböck Julina A. Rattel Laila K. Franke Michael Liedlgruber Stephan F. Miedl Frank H. Wilhelm
author_facet	Sarah K. Danböck Julina A. Rattel Laila K. Franke Michael Liedlgruber Stephan F. Miedl Frank H. Wilhelm
author_sort	Sarah K. Danböck
title	Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
title_short	Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
title_full	Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
title_fullStr	Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
title_full_unstemmed	Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
title_sort	peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e38c06a78b24454e844abf2423c318c0
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Peritraumatic dissociation revisited: associations with autonomic activation, facial movements, staring, and intrusion formation

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