Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range

ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Interest in Chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. C. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life...

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Autores principales:	Timothy D. Read, Sandeep J. Joseph, Xavier Didelot, Brooke Liang, Lisa Patel, Deborah Dean
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e3cecea2cdd14fa2a43356fef011228b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e3cecea2cdd14fa2a43356fef011228b2021-11-15T15:40:28ZComparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range10.1128/mBio.00604-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e3cecea2cdd14fa2a43356fef011228b2013-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00604-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Interest in Chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. C. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life-threatening, which is why the organism was developed as a bioweapon in the 20th century and is listed as a CDC biothreat agent. One remarkable recent result from comparative genomics is the finding of frequent homologous recombination across the genome of the sexually transmitted and trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. We sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occurred in C. psittaci. We analyzed 20 C. psittaci genomes from diverse strains representing the nine known serotypes of the organism as well as infections in a range of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome annotation revealed a core genome in all strains of 911 genes. Our analyses showed that C. psittaci has a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination more often than C. trachomatis. Evolutionary history reconstructions showed genome-wide homologous recombination and evidence of whole-plasmid exchange. Tracking the origins of recombinant segments revealed that some strains have imported DNA from as-yet-unsampled or -unsequenced C. psittaci lineages or other Chlamydiaceae species. Three ancestral populations of C. psittaci were predicted, explaining the current population structure. Molecular clock analysis found that certain strains are part of a clonal epidemic expansion likely introduced into North America by South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia psittaci is classified as a CDC biothreat agent based on its association with life-threatening lung disease, termed psittacosis, in humans. Because of the recent remarkable findings of frequent recombination across the genome of the human sexually transmitted and ocular trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, we sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occur in C. psittaci. Twenty C. psittaci genomes were analyzed from diverse strains that may play a pathogenic role in human disease. Evolution of the strains revealed genome-wide recombination occurring at a higher rate than for C. trachomatis. Certain strains were discovered to be part of a recent epidemic clonal expansion originating in South America. These strains may have been introduced into the United States from South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. Our analyses indicate that C. psittaci strains have a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination.Timothy D. ReadSandeep J. JosephXavier DidelotBrooke LiangLisa PatelDeborah DeanAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 2 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Timothy D. Read Sandeep J. Joseph Xavier Didelot Brooke Liang Lisa Patel Deborah Dean Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range
description	ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Interest in Chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. C. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life-threatening, which is why the organism was developed as a bioweapon in the 20th century and is listed as a CDC biothreat agent. One remarkable recent result from comparative genomics is the finding of frequent homologous recombination across the genome of the sexually transmitted and trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. We sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occurred in C. psittaci. We analyzed 20 C. psittaci genomes from diverse strains representing the nine known serotypes of the organism as well as infections in a range of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome annotation revealed a core genome in all strains of 911 genes. Our analyses showed that C. psittaci has a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination more often than C. trachomatis. Evolutionary history reconstructions showed genome-wide homologous recombination and evidence of whole-plasmid exchange. Tracking the origins of recombinant segments revealed that some strains have imported DNA from as-yet-unsampled or -unsequenced C. psittaci lineages or other Chlamydiaceae species. Three ancestral populations of C. psittaci were predicted, explaining the current population structure. Molecular clock analysis found that certain strains are part of a clonal epidemic expansion likely introduced into North America by South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia psittaci is classified as a CDC biothreat agent based on its association with life-threatening lung disease, termed psittacosis, in humans. Because of the recent remarkable findings of frequent recombination across the genome of the human sexually transmitted and ocular trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, we sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occur in C. psittaci. Twenty C. psittaci genomes were analyzed from diverse strains that may play a pathogenic role in human disease. Evolution of the strains revealed genome-wide recombination occurring at a higher rate than for C. trachomatis. Certain strains were discovered to be part of a recent epidemic clonal expansion originating in South America. These strains may have been introduced into the United States from South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. Our analyses indicate that C. psittaci strains have a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination.
format	article
author	Timothy D. Read Sandeep J. Joseph Xavier Didelot Brooke Liang Lisa Patel Deborah Dean
author_facet	Timothy D. Read Sandeep J. Joseph Xavier Didelot Brooke Liang Lisa Patel Deborah Dean
author_sort	Timothy D. Read
title	Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range
title_short	Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range
title_full	Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range
title_fullStr	Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range
title_sort	comparative analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">chlamydia psittaci</named-content> genomes reveals the recent emergence of a pathogenic lineage with a broad host range
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/e3cecea2cdd14fa2a43356fef011228b
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Comparative Analysis of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Chlamydia psittaci</named-content> Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range

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