Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.

Humans have altered ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than ever, largely to meet rapidly growing demands for resources along with economic development. These demands have been considered important drivers of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. Are humans becoming less dependent on eco...

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Autores principales:	Zhongwei Guo, Lin Zhang, Yiming Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e3d0ce0e6d9c4611bf05867daa4663aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e3d0ce0e6d9c4611bf05867daa4663aa2021-11-18T07:03:44ZIncreased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0013113https://doaj.org/article/e3d0ce0e6d9c4611bf05867daa4663aa2010-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20957042/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Humans have altered ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than ever, largely to meet rapidly growing demands for resources along with economic development. These demands have been considered important drivers of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. Are humans becoming less dependent on ecosystem services and biodiversity following economic development? Here, we used roundwood production, hydroelectricity generation and tourism investment in 92 biodiversity hotspot and 60 non-hotspot countries as cases to seek the answer. In 1980-2005, annual growth rates of roundwood production, hydroelectricity generation and tourism investment were higher in hotspot countries (5.2, 9.1 and 7.5%) than in non-hotspot countries (3.4, 5.9 and 5.6%), when GDP grew more rapidly in hotspot countries than non-hotspot countries. Annual growth rates of per capita hydropower and per capita tourism investment were higher in hotspot countries (5.3% and 6.1%) than in non-hotspot countries (3.5% and 4.3%); however, the annual growth rate of per capita roundwood production in hotspot countries (1%) was lower than in non-hotspot countries (1.4%). The dependence of humans on cultural services has increased more rapidly than on regulating services, while the dependence on provisioning services has reduced. This pattern is projected to continue during 2005-2020. Our preliminary results show that economic growth has actually made humans more dependent upon ecosystem services and biodiversity. As a consequence, the policies and implementations of both economic development and ecosystems/biodiversity conservation should be formulated and carried out in the context of the increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services along with economic development.Zhongwei GuoLin ZhangYiming LiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 10 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhongwei Guo Lin Zhang Yiming Li Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
description	Humans have altered ecosystems more rapidly and extensively than ever, largely to meet rapidly growing demands for resources along with economic development. These demands have been considered important drivers of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. Are humans becoming less dependent on ecosystem services and biodiversity following economic development? Here, we used roundwood production, hydroelectricity generation and tourism investment in 92 biodiversity hotspot and 60 non-hotspot countries as cases to seek the answer. In 1980-2005, annual growth rates of roundwood production, hydroelectricity generation and tourism investment were higher in hotspot countries (5.2, 9.1 and 7.5%) than in non-hotspot countries (3.4, 5.9 and 5.6%), when GDP grew more rapidly in hotspot countries than non-hotspot countries. Annual growth rates of per capita hydropower and per capita tourism investment were higher in hotspot countries (5.3% and 6.1%) than in non-hotspot countries (3.5% and 4.3%); however, the annual growth rate of per capita roundwood production in hotspot countries (1%) was lower than in non-hotspot countries (1.4%). The dependence of humans on cultural services has increased more rapidly than on regulating services, while the dependence on provisioning services has reduced. This pattern is projected to continue during 2005-2020. Our preliminary results show that economic growth has actually made humans more dependent upon ecosystem services and biodiversity. As a consequence, the policies and implementations of both economic development and ecosystems/biodiversity conservation should be formulated and carried out in the context of the increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services along with economic development.
format	article
author	Zhongwei Guo Lin Zhang Yiming Li
author_facet	Zhongwei Guo Lin Zhang Yiming Li
author_sort	Zhongwei Guo
title	Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
title_short	Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
title_full	Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
title_fullStr	Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
title_full_unstemmed	Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
title_sort	increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/e3d0ce0e6d9c4611bf05867daa4663aa
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhongweiguo increaseddependenceofhumansonecosystemservicesandbiodiversity AT linzhang increaseddependenceofhumansonecosystemservicesandbiodiversity AT yimingli increaseddependenceofhumansonecosystemservicesandbiodiversity
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Increased dependence of humans on ecosystem services and biodiversity.

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