<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway

Enhancing the phagocytosis of immune cells with medicines provides benefits to the physiological balance by removing foreign pathogens and apoptotic cells. The fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) possessing various immunopotentiation functions may be a good candidate for such drugs. However, the e...

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Autores principales:	Hong-Bo Fan, Yuan Zou, Qing Han, Qian-Wang Zheng, Ying-Li Liu, Li-Qiong Guo, Jun-Fang Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> immunomodulatory protein macrophage phagocytosis immunity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e41a1149ec664745b6f1b5db3522ecd3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e41a1149ec664745b6f1b5db3522ecd32021-11-25T17:54:09Z<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway10.3390/ijms2222121881422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/e41a1149ec664745b6f1b5db3522ecd32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12188https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Enhancing the phagocytosis of immune cells with medicines provides benefits to the physiological balance by removing foreign pathogens and apoptotic cells. The fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) possessing various immunopotentiation functions may be a good candidate for such drugs. However, the effect and mechanism of FIP on the phagocytic activity is limitedly investigated. Therefore, the present study determined effects of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> immunomodulatory protein (CMIMP), a novel FIP reported to induce cytokines secretion, on the phagocytosis using three different types of models, including microsphere, <i>Escherichia Coli</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. CMIMP not only significantly improved the phagocytic ability (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but also enhanced the bactericidal activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, the cell size, especially the cytoplasm size, was markedly increased by CMIMP (<i>p</i> < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in the F-actin expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Further experiments displayed that CMIMP-induced phagocytosis, cell size and F-actin expression were alleviated by the specific inhibitor of TLR4 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the treatment with the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, it could be speculated that CMIMP promoted the phagocytic ability of macrophages through increasing F-actin expression and cell size in a TLR4-NF-κB pathway dependent way.Hong-Bo FanYuan ZouQing HanQian-Wang ZhengYing-Li LiuLi-Qiong GuoJun-Fang LinMDPI AGarticle<i>Cordyceps militaris</i>immunomodulatory proteinmacrophagephagocytosisimmunityBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12188, p 12188 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> immunomodulatory protein macrophage phagocytosis immunity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> immunomodulatory protein macrophage phagocytosis immunity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Hong-Bo Fan Yuan Zou Qing Han Qian-Wang Zheng Ying-Li Liu Li-Qiong Guo Jun-Fang Lin <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway
description	Enhancing the phagocytosis of immune cells with medicines provides benefits to the physiological balance by removing foreign pathogens and apoptotic cells. The fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) possessing various immunopotentiation functions may be a good candidate for such drugs. However, the effect and mechanism of FIP on the phagocytic activity is limitedly investigated. Therefore, the present study determined effects of <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> immunomodulatory protein (CMIMP), a novel FIP reported to induce cytokines secretion, on the phagocytosis using three different types of models, including microsphere, <i>Escherichia Coli</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. CMIMP not only significantly improved the phagocytic ability (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but also enhanced the bactericidal activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, the cell size, especially the cytoplasm size, was markedly increased by CMIMP (<i>p</i> < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in the F-actin expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Further experiments displayed that CMIMP-induced phagocytosis, cell size and F-actin expression were alleviated by the specific inhibitor of TLR4 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Similar results were observed in the treatment with the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, it could be speculated that CMIMP promoted the phagocytic ability of macrophages through increasing F-actin expression and cell size in a TLR4-NF-κB pathway dependent way.
format	article
author	Hong-Bo Fan Yuan Zou Qing Han Qian-Wang Zheng Ying-Li Liu Li-Qiong Guo Jun-Fang Lin
author_facet	Hong-Bo Fan Yuan Zou Qing Han Qian-Wang Zheng Ying-Li Liu Li-Qiong Guo Jun-Fang Lin
author_sort	Hong-Bo Fan
title	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway
title_short	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway
title_full	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway
title_fullStr	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway
title_sort	<i>cordyceps militaris</i> immunomodulatory protein promotes the phagocytic ability of macrophages through the tlr4-nf-κb pathway
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e41a1149ec664745b6f1b5db3522ecd3
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<i>Cordyceps militaris</i> Immunomodulatory Protein Promotes the Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages through the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway

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