Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.

Mammalian females pay high energetic costs for reproduction, the greatest of which is imposed by lactation. The synthesis of milk requires, in part, the mobilization of bodily reserves to nourish developing young. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to predict how mothers will differentially inve...

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Autores principales:	Katie Hinde, Abigail J Carpenter, John S Clay, Barry J Bradford
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e41c4d2f379c49acb0f0b853daf829dd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e41c4d2f379c49acb0f0b853daf829dd2021-11-18T08:34:21ZHolsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0086169https://doaj.org/article/e41c4d2f379c49acb0f0b853daf829dd2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24498270/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mammalian females pay high energetic costs for reproduction, the greatest of which is imposed by lactation. The synthesis of milk requires, in part, the mobilization of bodily reserves to nourish developing young. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to predict how mothers will differentially invest in sons and daughters, however few studies have addressed sex-biased milk synthesis. Here we leverage the dairy cow model to investigate such phenomena. Using 2.39 million lactation records from 1.49 million dairy cows, we demonstrate that the sex of the fetus influences the capacity of the mammary gland to synthesize milk during lactation. Cows favor daughters, producing significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation. Using a sub-sample of this dataset (N = 113,750 subjects) we further demonstrate that the effects of fetal sex interact dynamically across parities, whereby the sex of the fetus being gestated can enhance or diminish the production of milk during an established lactation. Moreover the sex of the fetus gestated on the first parity has persistent consequences for milk synthesis on the subsequent parity. Specifically, gestation of a daughter on the first parity increases milk production by ∼ 445 kg over the first two lactations. Our results identify a dramatic and sustained programming of mammary function by offspring in utero. Nutritional and endocrine conditions in utero are known to have pronounced and long-term effects on progeny, but the ways in which the progeny has sustained physiological effects on the dam have received little attention to date.Katie HindeAbigail J CarpenterJohn S ClayBarry J BradfordPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e86169 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Katie Hinde Abigail J Carpenter John S Clay Barry J Bradford Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
description	Mammalian females pay high energetic costs for reproduction, the greatest of which is imposed by lactation. The synthesis of milk requires, in part, the mobilization of bodily reserves to nourish developing young. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to predict how mothers will differentially invest in sons and daughters, however few studies have addressed sex-biased milk synthesis. Here we leverage the dairy cow model to investigate such phenomena. Using 2.39 million lactation records from 1.49 million dairy cows, we demonstrate that the sex of the fetus influences the capacity of the mammary gland to synthesize milk during lactation. Cows favor daughters, producing significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation. Using a sub-sample of this dataset (N = 113,750 subjects) we further demonstrate that the effects of fetal sex interact dynamically across parities, whereby the sex of the fetus being gestated can enhance or diminish the production of milk during an established lactation. Moreover the sex of the fetus gestated on the first parity has persistent consequences for milk synthesis on the subsequent parity. Specifically, gestation of a daughter on the first parity increases milk production by ∼ 445 kg over the first two lactations. Our results identify a dramatic and sustained programming of mammary function by offspring in utero. Nutritional and endocrine conditions in utero are known to have pronounced and long-term effects on progeny, but the ways in which the progeny has sustained physiological effects on the dam have received little attention to date.
format	article
author	Katie Hinde Abigail J Carpenter John S Clay Barry J Bradford
author_facet	Katie Hinde Abigail J Carpenter John S Clay Barry J Bradford
author_sort	Katie Hinde
title	Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
title_short	Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
title_full	Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
title_fullStr	Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
title_full_unstemmed	Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
title_sort	holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e41c4d2f379c49acb0f0b853daf829dd
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Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex.

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