Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model

Abstract Animals swim in water, fly in air, or dive into water to find mates, chase prey, or escape from predators. Even though these locomotion modes are phenomenologically distinct, we can rationalize the underlying hydrodynamic forces using a unified fluid potential model. First, we review the pr...

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Autor principal:	Sunghwan Jung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e4267e8c4ba1482ba6a9bdf572ffbf94
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e4267e8c4ba1482ba6a9bdf572ffbf942021-12-02T17:06:32ZSwimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model10.1038/s41598-021-94829-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e4267e8c4ba1482ba6a9bdf572ffbf942021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94829-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Animals swim in water, fly in air, or dive into water to find mates, chase prey, or escape from predators. Even though these locomotion modes are phenomenologically distinct, we can rationalize the underlying hydrodynamic forces using a unified fluid potential model. First, we review the previously known complex potential of a moving thin plate to describe circulation and pressure around the body. Then, the impact force in diving or thrust force in swimming and flying are evaluated from the potential flow model. For the impact force, we show that the slamming or impact force of various ellipsoid-shaped bodies of animals increases with animal weight, however, the impact pressure does not vary much. For fliers, birds and bats follow a linear correlation between thrust lift force and animal weight. For swimming animals, we present a scaling of swimming speed as a balance of thrust force with drag, which is verified with biological data. Under this framework, three distinct animal behaviors (i.e., swimming, flying, and diving) are similar in that a thin appendage displaces and pressurizes a fluid, but different in regards to the surroundings, being either fully immersed in a fluid or at a fluid interface.Sunghwan JungNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sunghwan Jung Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model
description	Abstract Animals swim in water, fly in air, or dive into water to find mates, chase prey, or escape from predators. Even though these locomotion modes are phenomenologically distinct, we can rationalize the underlying hydrodynamic forces using a unified fluid potential model. First, we review the previously known complex potential of a moving thin plate to describe circulation and pressure around the body. Then, the impact force in diving or thrust force in swimming and flying are evaluated from the potential flow model. For the impact force, we show that the slamming or impact force of various ellipsoid-shaped bodies of animals increases with animal weight, however, the impact pressure does not vary much. For fliers, birds and bats follow a linear correlation between thrust lift force and animal weight. For swimming animals, we present a scaling of swimming speed as a balance of thrust force with drag, which is verified with biological data. Under this framework, three distinct animal behaviors (i.e., swimming, flying, and diving) are similar in that a thin appendage displaces and pressurizes a fluid, but different in regards to the surroundings, being either fully immersed in a fluid or at a fluid interface.
format	article
author	Sunghwan Jung
author_facet	Sunghwan Jung
author_sort	Sunghwan Jung
title	Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model
title_short	Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model
title_full	Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model
title_fullStr	Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model
title_full_unstemmed	Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model
title_sort	swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2d potential model
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e4267e8c4ba1482ba6a9bdf572ffbf94
work_keys_str_mv	AT sunghwanjung swimmingflyinganddivingbehaviorsfromaunified2dpotentialmodel
_version_	1718381589336948736

Swimming, flying, and diving behaviors from a unified 2D potential model

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