Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography

This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis...

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Autores principales:	Azrul Hisyam Samsuri, May Yen Ang, Shean Yeaw Ng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Analytical chemistry QD71-142
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e428e7de2a5343558cbfe4c4f6e2245f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e428e7de2a5343558cbfe4c4f6e2245f2021-11-08T02:36:16ZOptimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography1687-877910.1155/2021/1941336https://doaj.org/article/e428e7de2a5343558cbfe4c4f6e2245f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1941336https://doaj.org/toc/1687-8779This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis. Incubation time for each injection was successfully optimized from one hour to 30 minutes (50% reduction) compared to the official AOCS method Ca 3b-87. Out of the four tested edible oils, only the hexane residues detected in sunflower oil exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union regulation. Significant difference of the results obtained between large calibration range (0–938 mg kg−1) and small calibration range (0–68 mg kg−1) suggests that there is a need to use a lower standard calibration concentration to avoid misinterpretation of analysis results. Method validation applies to the technical hexane; 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, the signal-to-noise (S/N), as well as the limit of quantification (LoQ) values was found to be 218.20, 221.45, 746.37, 97.37 and 0.85, 0.84, 0.25, 1.93 mg kg−1, respectively. Good linearity, repeatability, and low carryover of this method have provided an alternative way to analyze the content of the residual hexane in edible oils in a more efficient manner. Current study might provide a fundamental reference for the improvement of the AOCS official Ca 3b-87 method for determination of hexane residues in fats and oils analysis in the future.Azrul Hisyam SamsuriMay Yen AngShean Yeaw NgHindawi LimitedarticleAnalytical chemistryQD71-142ENInternational Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Analytical chemistry QD71-142
spellingShingle	Analytical chemistry QD71-142 Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Shean Yeaw Ng Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
description	This study aims to determine the residual hexane in four edible oils in Malaysia using a simple, rapid, and automated method in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC/FID) equipped with a headspace autosampler (HS-20) was used to perform the analysis. Incubation time for each injection was successfully optimized from one hour to 30 minutes (50% reduction) compared to the official AOCS method Ca 3b-87. Out of the four tested edible oils, only the hexane residues detected in sunflower oil exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Union regulation. Significant difference of the results obtained between large calibration range (0–938 mg kg−1) and small calibration range (0–68 mg kg−1) suggests that there is a need to use a lower standard calibration concentration to avoid misinterpretation of analysis results. Method validation applies to the technical hexane; 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclopentane, the signal-to-noise (S/N), as well as the limit of quantification (LoQ) values was found to be 218.20, 221.45, 746.37, 97.37 and 0.85, 0.84, 0.25, 1.93 mg kg−1, respectively. Good linearity, repeatability, and low carryover of this method have provided an alternative way to analyze the content of the residual hexane in edible oils in a more efficient manner. Current study might provide a fundamental reference for the improvement of the AOCS official Ca 3b-87 method for determination of hexane residues in fats and oils analysis in the future.
format	article
author	Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Shean Yeaw Ng
author_facet	Azrul Hisyam Samsuri May Yen Ang Shean Yeaw Ng
author_sort	Azrul Hisyam Samsuri
title	Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_short	Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_full	Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_fullStr	Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography
title_sort	optimization of residual hexane in edible oils analysis using static headspace gas chromatography
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e428e7de2a5343558cbfe4c4f6e2245f
work_keys_str_mv	AT azrulhisyamsamsuri optimizationofresidualhexaneinedibleoilsanalysisusingstaticheadspacegaschromatography AT mayyenang optimizationofresidualhexaneinedibleoilsanalysisusingstaticheadspacegaschromatography AT sheanyeawng optimizationofresidualhexaneinedibleoilsanalysisusingstaticheadspacegaschromatography
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Optimization of Residual Hexane in Edible Oils Analysis Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography

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