Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior

Abstract Many eye-tracking studies investigate visual behavior with a focus on image features and the semantic content of a scene. A wealth of results on these aspects is available, and our understanding of the decision process where to look has reached a mature stage. However, the temporal aspect,...

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Autores principales:	Ricardo Ramos Gameiro, Kai Kaspar, Sabine U. König, Sontje Nordholt, Peter König
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e444b451a6ef4f38bcb72acd692de024
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:e444b451a6ef4f38bcb72acd692de024
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e444b451a6ef4f38bcb72acd692de0242021-12-02T16:08:12ZExploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior10.1038/s41598-017-02526-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e444b451a6ef4f38bcb72acd692de0242017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02526-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Many eye-tracking studies investigate visual behavior with a focus on image features and the semantic content of a scene. A wealth of results on these aspects is available, and our understanding of the decision process where to look has reached a mature stage. However, the temporal aspect, whether to stay and further scrutinize a region (exploitation) or to move on and explore image regions that were yet not in the focus of attention (exploration) is less well understood. Here, we investigate the trade-off between these two processes across stimuli with varying properties and sizes. In a free viewing task, we examined gaze parameters in humans, involving the central tendency, entropy, saccadic amplitudes, number of fixations and duration of fixations. The results revealed that the central tendency and entropy scaled with stimulus size. The mean saccadic amplitudes showed a linear increase that originated from an interaction between the distribution of saccades and the spatial bias. Further, larger images led to spatially more extensive sampling as indicated by a higher number of fixations at the expense of reduced fixation durations. These results demonstrate a profound shift from exploitation to exploration as an adaptation of main gaze parameters with increasing image size.Ricardo Ramos GameiroKai KasparSabine U. KönigSontje NordholtPeter KönigNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-23 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ricardo Ramos Gameiro Kai Kaspar Sabine U. König Sontje Nordholt Peter König Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior
description	Abstract Many eye-tracking studies investigate visual behavior with a focus on image features and the semantic content of a scene. A wealth of results on these aspects is available, and our understanding of the decision process where to look has reached a mature stage. However, the temporal aspect, whether to stay and further scrutinize a region (exploitation) or to move on and explore image regions that were yet not in the focus of attention (exploration) is less well understood. Here, we investigate the trade-off between these two processes across stimuli with varying properties and sizes. In a free viewing task, we examined gaze parameters in humans, involving the central tendency, entropy, saccadic amplitudes, number of fixations and duration of fixations. The results revealed that the central tendency and entropy scaled with stimulus size. The mean saccadic amplitudes showed a linear increase that originated from an interaction between the distribution of saccades and the spatial bias. Further, larger images led to spatially more extensive sampling as indicated by a higher number of fixations at the expense of reduced fixation durations. These results demonstrate a profound shift from exploitation to exploration as an adaptation of main gaze parameters with increasing image size.
format	article
author	Ricardo Ramos Gameiro Kai Kaspar Sabine U. König Sontje Nordholt Peter König
author_facet	Ricardo Ramos Gameiro Kai Kaspar Sabine U. König Sontje Nordholt Peter König
author_sort	Ricardo Ramos Gameiro
title	Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior
title_short	Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior
title_full	Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior
title_fullStr	Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior
title_full_unstemmed	Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior
title_sort	exploration and exploitation in natural viewing behavior
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e444b451a6ef4f38bcb72acd692de024
work_keys_str_mv	AT ricardoramosgameiro explorationandexploitationinnaturalviewingbehavior AT kaikaspar explorationandexploitationinnaturalviewingbehavior AT sabineukonig explorationandexploitationinnaturalviewingbehavior AT sontjenordholt explorationandexploitationinnaturalviewingbehavior AT peterkonig explorationandexploitationinnaturalviewingbehavior
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Exploration and Exploitation in Natural Viewing Behavior

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