Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?

Chiara Ancona, Monica Stoppani, Veronica Odazio, Carlo La Spina, Giulia Corradetti, Francesco Bandello Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy Purpose: To compare four stereo tests (Lang I, Lang II, Titmus, and TNO) and assess their ef...

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Autores principales:	Ancona C, Stoppani M, Odazio V, La Spina C, Corradetti G, Bandello F
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e455e767f5794762bad96924feeb6889
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e455e767f5794762bad96924feeb68892021-12-02T06:29:58ZStereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/e455e767f5794762bad96924feeb68892014-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/stereo-tests-as-a-screening-tool-for-strabismus-which-is-the-best-choi-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483 Chiara Ancona, Monica Stoppani, Veronica Odazio, Carlo La Spina, Giulia Corradetti, Francesco Bandello Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy Purpose: To compare four stereo tests (Lang I, Lang II, Titmus, and TNO) and assess their effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to identify the most useful stereo test as a challenging tool in the screening of strabismus. Patients and methods: A total of 143 Caucasian subjects, 74 males (52%) and 69 females (48%), aged between 4 years and 78 years (mean age 19.09±15.12 years) were examined at our Strabismus Service (Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy) and included in this observational cross-sectional study. Subjects recruited in this study were either affected by strabismus, including microstrabismic patients, or healthy volunteers. Subjects affected by ophthalmological diseases, other than strabismus, were excluded. All patients underwent both ophthalmological and orthoptic examination, including stereo tests, Hirschberg Corneal Light Reflex Test, Worth Four-Dot Test, the 4 Prism Diopter Base-Out Test, Cover Testing, Bruckner Test, visual acuity, automated refraction under 1% tropicamide cycloplegia and thereafter, posterior pole evaluation. Results: All data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 2.0, to perform all statistical calculations. The main finding of this study is that Lang I stereo test achieved the highest sensitivity (89.8%) and specificity (95.2%) in detecting strabismus, including microstrabismus as well, compared to all the other stereoacuity tests. Furthermore, Lang I is the stereo test with the highest positive predictive value and negative predictive value, both greater than 90%. Conclusion: The stereo test with the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value is Lang I. These results suggest its applicability as a screening test for strabismus in people older than 4 years. Keywords: stereo tests, screening, strabismus, Lang IAncona CStoppani MOdazio VLa Spina CCorradetti GBandello FDove Medical PressarticleOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol 2014, Iss default, Pp 2221-2227 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Ophthalmology RE1-994 Ancona C Stoppani M Odazio V La Spina C Corradetti G Bandello F Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
description	Chiara Ancona, Monica Stoppani, Veronica Odazio, Carlo La Spina, Giulia Corradetti, Francesco Bandello Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy Purpose: To compare four stereo tests (Lang I, Lang II, Titmus, and TNO) and assess their effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to identify the most useful stereo test as a challenging tool in the screening of strabismus. Patients and methods: A total of 143 Caucasian subjects, 74 males (52%) and 69 females (48%), aged between 4 years and 78 years (mean age 19.09±15.12 years) were examined at our Strabismus Service (Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy) and included in this observational cross-sectional study. Subjects recruited in this study were either affected by strabismus, including microstrabismic patients, or healthy volunteers. Subjects affected by ophthalmological diseases, other than strabismus, were excluded. All patients underwent both ophthalmological and orthoptic examination, including stereo tests, Hirschberg Corneal Light Reflex Test, Worth Four-Dot Test, the 4 Prism Diopter Base-Out Test, Cover Testing, Bruckner Test, visual acuity, automated refraction under 1% tropicamide cycloplegia and thereafter, posterior pole evaluation. Results: All data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics, Version 2.0, to perform all statistical calculations. The main finding of this study is that Lang I stereo test achieved the highest sensitivity (89.8%) and specificity (95.2%) in detecting strabismus, including microstrabismus as well, compared to all the other stereoacuity tests. Furthermore, Lang I is the stereo test with the highest positive predictive value and negative predictive value, both greater than 90%. Conclusion: The stereo test with the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value is Lang I. These results suggest its applicability as a screening test for strabismus in people older than 4 years. Keywords: stereo tests, screening, strabismus, Lang I
format	article
author	Ancona C Stoppani M Odazio V La Spina C Corradetti G Bandello F
author_facet	Ancona C Stoppani M Odazio V La Spina C Corradetti G Bandello F
author_sort	Ancona C
title	Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
title_short	Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
title_full	Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
title_fullStr	Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
title_full_unstemmed	Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
title_sort	stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e455e767f5794762bad96924feeb6889
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Stereo tests as a screening tool for strabismus: which is the best choice?

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