Immersion Vaccination by a Biomimetic-Mucoadhesive Nanovaccine Induces Humoral Immune Response of Red Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> sp.) against <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> Challenge
Immersion vaccination with a biomimetic mucoadhesive nanovaccine has been shown to induce a strong mucosal immune response against columnaris disease, a serious bacterial disease in farmed red tilapia caused by <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i>. However, the induction of a systemic immune...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/e4566f3d02f749e1939fe0dce8cd0164 |
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| Sumario: | Immersion vaccination with a biomimetic mucoadhesive nanovaccine has been shown to induce a strong mucosal immune response against columnaris disease, a serious bacterial disease in farmed red tilapia caused by <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i>. However, the induction of a systemic immune response by the vaccine is yet to be investigated. Here, we examine if a specific humoral immune response is stimulated in tilapia by a biomimetic-mucoadhesive nanovaccine against <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> using an indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and the expression of immune-related genes within the head-kidney and spleen, together with assessing the relative percent survival of vaccinated fish after experimentally infecting them with <i>F. columnare</i>. The anti-IgM antibody titer of fish at 14 and 21 days post-vaccination was significantly higher in chitosan complex nanoemulsion (CS-NE) vaccinated fish compared to fish vaccinated with the formalin-killed vaccine or control fish, supporting the serum bactericidal activity results at these time points. The cumulative mortality of the unvaccinated control fish was 87% after challenging fish with the pathogen, while the cumulative mortality of the CS-NE vaccinated group was 24%, which was significantly lower than the formalin-killed vaccinated and control fish. There was a significant upregulation of <i>IgM</i>, <i>IgT</i>, <i>TNF α</i>, and <i>IL1-β</i> genes in the spleen and kidney of vaccinated fish. Significant upregulation of <i>IgM</i> and <i>IgT</i> genes was observed in the spleen of CS-NE vaccinated fish. The study confirmed the charged-chitosan-based mucoadhesive nanovaccine to be an effective platform for immersion vaccination of tilapia, with fish generating a humoral systemic immune response against columnaris disease in vaccinated fish. |
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