Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (Zea mays L.) and C3 (Vigna radiata L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated Bacillus subtilis

Chromium stress is one of the deleterious abiotic factors that reduce crop production. Two anatomically different crops (C3 and C4) were compared for their chromium (0 and 50 ppm) tolerance and responses towards Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Strains of <i&...

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Autores principales:	Qasim Shahzad, Saqib Mahmood, Sadia Javed, Tariq Mushtaq
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> proline chlorophyll osmolyte antioxidative enzymes maize Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e4be3a0893134b489163e3fac4f718f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e4be3a0893134b489163e3fac4f718f92021-11-25T18:25:02ZChromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>10.3390/microorganisms91123132076-2607https://doaj.org/article/e4be3a0893134b489163e3fac4f718f92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2313https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Chromium stress is one of the deleterious abiotic factors that reduce crop production. Two anatomically different crops (C3 and C4) were compared for their chromium (0 and 50 ppm) tolerance and responses towards <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>B. subtilis</i>). Strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> were exposed to UV (30–210 min) and gamma irradiation (1–4 KGy), and the best mutants were selected on petri plates containing selective markers. Maize and mungbean were supplied with selected strains or the parent strain in rooting medium, along with a nutrient broth. A completely randomized design (five replicates) was adopted using nutrient broth as a control. Stress negatively affected plants grown without strains. Mungbean was more sensitive towards stress and treatments, maize had better root and shoot fresh weights, root and shoot lengths, proline levels, and MDA and GR activity. All strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> (parent, γ-irradiated and UV-irradiated) enhanced proline, total soluble protein, chlorophyll a, a + b and a/b levels, with negligible effects upon antioxidant enzymes. Irradiated strains proved their superiority to the parent strain, with reductions in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA content. With comparable benefits, γ and UV irradiation may be adopted in future based upon technical availability.Qasim ShahzadSaqib MahmoodSadia JavedTariq MushtaqMDPI AGarticle<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>prolinechlorophyllosmolyteantioxidative enzymesmaizeBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2313, p 2313 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> proline chlorophyll osmolyte antioxidative enzymes maize Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> proline chlorophyll osmolyte antioxidative enzymes maize Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Qasim Shahzad Saqib Mahmood Sadia Javed Tariq Mushtaq Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
description	Chromium stress is one of the deleterious abiotic factors that reduce crop production. Two anatomically different crops (C3 and C4) were compared for their chromium (0 and 50 ppm) tolerance and responses towards <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>B. subtilis</i>). Strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> were exposed to UV (30–210 min) and gamma irradiation (1–4 KGy), and the best mutants were selected on petri plates containing selective markers. Maize and mungbean were supplied with selected strains or the parent strain in rooting medium, along with a nutrient broth. A completely randomized design (five replicates) was adopted using nutrient broth as a control. Stress negatively affected plants grown without strains. Mungbean was more sensitive towards stress and treatments, maize had better root and shoot fresh weights, root and shoot lengths, proline levels, and MDA and GR activity. All strains of <i>B. subtilis</i> (parent, γ-irradiated and UV-irradiated) enhanced proline, total soluble protein, chlorophyll a, a + b and a/b levels, with negligible effects upon antioxidant enzymes. Irradiated strains proved their superiority to the parent strain, with reductions in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA content. With comparable benefits, γ and UV irradiation may be adopted in future based upon technical availability.
format	article
author	Qasim Shahzad Saqib Mahmood Sadia Javed Tariq Mushtaq
author_facet	Qasim Shahzad Saqib Mahmood Sadia Javed Tariq Mushtaq
author_sort	Qasim Shahzad
title	Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
title_short	Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
title_full	Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
title_fullStr	Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
title_sort	chromium stress tolerance of a c4 (<i>zea mays</i> l.) and c3 (<i>vigna radiata</i> l.) plants primed with uv and gamma-treated <i>bacillus subtilis</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e4be3a0893134b489163e3fac4f718f9
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Chromium Stress Tolerance of a C4 (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and C3 (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) Plants Primed with UV and Gamma-Treated <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

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