Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can negatively affect ecosystem functions and lichen biomonitors can be a cost-effective way to monitor air pollution exposure across the landscape. Interior dry forests of the southwestern United States face increasing development pressures; howe...

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Autores principales:	Heather T. Root, Sarah Jovan, Mark Fenn, Michael Amacher, Josh Hall, John D. Shaw
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Energy development Lichen Seasonal deposition Throughfall TDep CMAQ Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e4c2488cf0ef4e14bcd79d1d6b1b2bdd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e4c2488cf0ef4e14bcd79d1d6b1b2bdd2021-12-01T04:52:11ZLichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107727https://doaj.org/article/e4c2488cf0ef4e14bcd79d1d6b1b2bdd2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21003927https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can negatively affect ecosystem functions and lichen biomonitors can be a cost-effective way to monitor air pollution exposure across the landscape. Interior dry forests of the southwestern United States face increasing development pressures; however, this region differs from others with well-developed biomonitoring programs in having drier climates and a greater fraction of deposition delivered in dry forms. We measured throughfall N and S deposition at 12 sites in Utah and 10 in New Mexico and co-located collection of 6 lichen species. Throughfall N deposition ranged from 0.76 to 6.96 kg/ha/year and S deposition from 0.57 to 1.44 kg/ha/year with elevated levels near human development that were not predicted by commonly used simulation models. Throughfall N was 4.6 and 1.6 times higher in summer compared with fall-spring in Utah and New Mexico and S deposition was 3.9 and 1.8 times higher in summer. Lichen N and S concentrations ranged from 0.97 to 2.7% and 0.09 to 0.33%. Replicate samples within plots showed high variability in N and S concentrations with within-plot coefficients of variation for N ranging between 5 and 10% and for S between 7 and 15%. In Utah, N and S concentrations in lichen species were correlated with each other in most cases, with R2 ranging from 0.52 to 0.85. N concentrations in Melanohalea exasperatula and Melanohalea subolivacea could be correlated with average annual throughfall N deposition in Utah (R2 = 0.58 and 0.31). Those relationships were improved by focusing on deposition in fall-spring prior to lichen sampling in Utah (R2 for M. exasperatula, M. subolivacea, and X. montana = 0.59, 0.42, and 0.28). In New Mexico, lichens exhibited greater coefficients of variability within plots than between plots and could not be correlated with throughfall N deposition. In neither study area was S correlated between lichens and throughfall deposition, which may be the result of low S deposition over a narrow deposition range or complex lichen assimilation of S. Lichen biomonitoring for N deposition in the region shows promise, but could potentially be improved by sampling more thalli to reduce within-plot variability, repeated lichen collection synchronized with throughfall changeouts to explore temporal variability, and washing lichen collections to distinguish N and S that has been incorporated by the thalli from dry deposition that may accumulate on lichen surfaces.Heather T. RootSarah JovanMark FennMichael AmacherJosh HallJohn D. ShawElsevierarticleEnergy developmentLichenSeasonal depositionThroughfallTDepCMAQEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 127, Iss , Pp 107727- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Energy development Lichen Seasonal deposition Throughfall TDep CMAQ Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Energy development Lichen Seasonal deposition Throughfall TDep CMAQ Ecology QH540-549.5 Heather T. Root Sarah Jovan Mark Fenn Michael Amacher Josh Hall John D. Shaw Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA
description	Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition can negatively affect ecosystem functions and lichen biomonitors can be a cost-effective way to monitor air pollution exposure across the landscape. Interior dry forests of the southwestern United States face increasing development pressures; however, this region differs from others with well-developed biomonitoring programs in having drier climates and a greater fraction of deposition delivered in dry forms. We measured throughfall N and S deposition at 12 sites in Utah and 10 in New Mexico and co-located collection of 6 lichen species. Throughfall N deposition ranged from 0.76 to 6.96 kg/ha/year and S deposition from 0.57 to 1.44 kg/ha/year with elevated levels near human development that were not predicted by commonly used simulation models. Throughfall N was 4.6 and 1.6 times higher in summer compared with fall-spring in Utah and New Mexico and S deposition was 3.9 and 1.8 times higher in summer. Lichen N and S concentrations ranged from 0.97 to 2.7% and 0.09 to 0.33%. Replicate samples within plots showed high variability in N and S concentrations with within-plot coefficients of variation for N ranging between 5 and 10% and for S between 7 and 15%. In Utah, N and S concentrations in lichen species were correlated with each other in most cases, with R2 ranging from 0.52 to 0.85. N concentrations in Melanohalea exasperatula and Melanohalea subolivacea could be correlated with average annual throughfall N deposition in Utah (R2 = 0.58 and 0.31). Those relationships were improved by focusing on deposition in fall-spring prior to lichen sampling in Utah (R2 for M. exasperatula, M. subolivacea, and X. montana = 0.59, 0.42, and 0.28). In New Mexico, lichens exhibited greater coefficients of variability within plots than between plots and could not be correlated with throughfall N deposition. In neither study area was S correlated between lichens and throughfall deposition, which may be the result of low S deposition over a narrow deposition range or complex lichen assimilation of S. Lichen biomonitoring for N deposition in the region shows promise, but could potentially be improved by sampling more thalli to reduce within-plot variability, repeated lichen collection synchronized with throughfall changeouts to explore temporal variability, and washing lichen collections to distinguish N and S that has been incorporated by the thalli from dry deposition that may accumulate on lichen surfaces.
format	article
author	Heather T. Root Sarah Jovan Mark Fenn Michael Amacher Josh Hall John D. Shaw
author_facet	Heather T. Root Sarah Jovan Mark Fenn Michael Amacher Josh Hall John D. Shaw
author_sort	Heather T. Root
title	Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA
title_short	Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA
title_full	Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA
title_fullStr	Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA
title_full_unstemmed	Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA
title_sort	lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of utah and new mexico, usa
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e4c2488cf0ef4e14bcd79d1d6b1b2bdd
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Lichen bioindicators of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in dry forests of Utah and New Mexico, USA

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