Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China

This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variability of air stagnation in summer as well as its relation to summer ozone (O3) over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China. Air stagnation days (ASDs) in the YRD during the summers from 2001 to 2017 range from 9 to 54 days (9.2–58.4% of the ent...

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Autores principales:	Min Xie, Chenchao Zhan, Yangzhihao Zhan, Jie Shi, Yi Luo, Ming Zhang, Qian Liu, Fanhui Shen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	air quality ozone air stagnation the Yangtze River Delta region pollution meteorological characteristics Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e4e17fa7ee0a4476a909e0819d02c940
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e4e17fa7ee0a4476a909e0819d02c9402021-11-08T04:47:46ZSpatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China2296-665X10.3389/fenvs.2021.783524https://doaj.org/article/e4e17fa7ee0a4476a909e0819d02c9402021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.783524/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-665XThis paper investigates the spatiotemporal variability of air stagnation in summer as well as its relation to summer ozone (O3) over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China. Air stagnation days (ASDs) in the YRD during the summers from 2001 to 2017 range from 9 to 54 days (9.2–58.4% of the entire summer days). With the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the dominant weather systems affecting air stagnation in the YRD are illustrated. The first three EOFs explain 68.8, 11.3, and 7.1% of the total variance of ASDs, respectively. The first EOF represents the same phase of the entire YRD, which is attributed to the East Asian summer monsoon and mainly depends on the area and the intensity of the South China Sea subtropical high. The second EOF shows significant maritime-continental contrasts, which is related to stronger near-surface winds on sea. As for the third EOF, the air stagnation in the north and the south of the YRD has the opposite phase, with a dividing line along approximately 31°N. This spatial pattern depends on the area and the intensity of the northern hemisphere polar vortex that affects the meridional circulation. O3 is the typical air pollutant in hot seasons in the YRD. It is generally at a high pollution level in summer, and has a positive trend from 2013 to 2017. Air stagnation can affect O3 pollution levels in the YRD. In ASDs, there are usually weak wind, less precipitation, low relative humidity, high temperature, strong solar radiation and high surface pressure, which are favorable to the formation of O3. More O3 pollution episodes in 2013 than 2015 can be partly attributed to more ASDs in 2013. These results show that stagnant meteorological state can lead to the hazardous air quality, and provide valuable insight into the effect of air stagnation on the changes in surface O3 during hot months.Min XieChenchao ZhanYangzhihao ZhanJie ShiYi LuoMing ZhangMing ZhangQian LiuFanhui ShenFrontiers Media S.A.articleair qualityozoneair stagnationthe Yangtze River Delta regionpollution meteorological characteristicsEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENFrontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	air quality ozone air stagnation the Yangtze River Delta region pollution meteorological characteristics Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	air quality ozone air stagnation the Yangtze River Delta region pollution meteorological characteristics Environmental sciences GE1-350 Min Xie Chenchao Zhan Yangzhihao Zhan Jie Shi Yi Luo Ming Zhang Ming Zhang Qian Liu Fanhui Shen Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China
description	This paper investigates the spatiotemporal variability of air stagnation in summer as well as its relation to summer ozone (O3) over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China. Air stagnation days (ASDs) in the YRD during the summers from 2001 to 2017 range from 9 to 54 days (9.2–58.4% of the entire summer days). With the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the dominant weather systems affecting air stagnation in the YRD are illustrated. The first three EOFs explain 68.8, 11.3, and 7.1% of the total variance of ASDs, respectively. The first EOF represents the same phase of the entire YRD, which is attributed to the East Asian summer monsoon and mainly depends on the area and the intensity of the South China Sea subtropical high. The second EOF shows significant maritime-continental contrasts, which is related to stronger near-surface winds on sea. As for the third EOF, the air stagnation in the north and the south of the YRD has the opposite phase, with a dividing line along approximately 31°N. This spatial pattern depends on the area and the intensity of the northern hemisphere polar vortex that affects the meridional circulation. O3 is the typical air pollutant in hot seasons in the YRD. It is generally at a high pollution level in summer, and has a positive trend from 2013 to 2017. Air stagnation can affect O3 pollution levels in the YRD. In ASDs, there are usually weak wind, less precipitation, low relative humidity, high temperature, strong solar radiation and high surface pressure, which are favorable to the formation of O3. More O3 pollution episodes in 2013 than 2015 can be partly attributed to more ASDs in 2013. These results show that stagnant meteorological state can lead to the hazardous air quality, and provide valuable insight into the effect of air stagnation on the changes in surface O3 during hot months.
format	article
author	Min Xie Chenchao Zhan Yangzhihao Zhan Jie Shi Yi Luo Ming Zhang Ming Zhang Qian Liu Fanhui Shen
author_facet	Min Xie Chenchao Zhan Yangzhihao Zhan Jie Shi Yi Luo Ming Zhang Ming Zhang Qian Liu Fanhui Shen
author_sort	Min Xie
title	Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China
title_short	Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China
title_full	Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China
title_fullStr	Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China
title_full_unstemmed	Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China
title_sort	spatiotemporal variability of air stagnation and its relation to summertime ozone in the yangtze river delta of china
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e4e17fa7ee0a4476a909e0819d02c940
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Spatiotemporal Variability of Air Stagnation and its Relation to Summertime Ozone in the Yangtze River Delta of China

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