The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) constitute two of the leading causes of death in Europe, USA and the rest of the world. According to the latest reports of the Iranian National Health Ministry, CAD is the main cause of death in Iranian patients with an age over 35 years...

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Autores principales:	Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad, Nicholas G. Kounis, Gholamhossein Hassanshahi, Farzaneh Hassanshahi, Virginia Mplani, Ioanna Koniari, Ming-Yow Hung, Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	acute coronary syndromes CXCL10 Chemokines coronary artery disease COVID-19 vaccines Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e4e698b1ba7946c3a47189c441c18de3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e4e698b1ba7946c3a47189c441c18de32021-11-25T19:10:12ZThe Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review10.3390/vaccines91112242076-393Xhttps://doaj.org/article/e4e698b1ba7946c3a47189c441c18de32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/11/1224https://doaj.org/toc/2076-393XCoronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) constitute two of the leading causes of death in Europe, USA and the rest of the world. According to the latest reports of the Iranian National Health Ministry, CAD is the main cause of death in Iranian patients with an age over 35 years despite a significant reduction in mortality due to early interventional treatments in the context of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Inflammation plays a fundamental role in coronary atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque formation, acute coronary thrombosis and CAD establishment. Chemokines are well-recognized mediators of inflammation involved in several bio-functions such as leucocyte migration in response to inflammatory signals and oxidative vascular injury. Different chemokines serve as chemo-attractants for a wide variety of cell types including immune cells. CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXLC10), is a chemokine with inflammatory features whereas CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) serves as a shared receptor for CXCL9, 10 and 11. These chemokines mediate immune responses through the activation and recruitment of leukocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. CXCL10, interleukin (IL-15) and interferon (IFN-g) are increased after a COVID-19 vaccination with a BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine and are enriched by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 after the second vaccination. The aim of the present study is the presentation of the elucidation of the crucial role of CXCL10 in the patho-physiology and pathogenesis of CAD and in identifying markers associated with the vaccination resulting in antibody development.Mojgan Noroozi KarimabadNicholas G. KounisGholamhossein HassanshahiFarzaneh HassanshahiVirginia MplaniIoanna KoniariMing-Yow HungAli Esmaeili NadimiMDPI AGarticleacute coronary syndromesCXCL10Chemokinescoronary artery diseaseCOVID-19vaccinesMedicineRENVaccines, Vol 9, Iss 1224, p 1224 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acute coronary syndromes CXCL10 Chemokines coronary artery disease COVID-19 vaccines Medicine R
spellingShingle	acute coronary syndromes CXCL10 Chemokines coronary artery disease COVID-19 vaccines Medicine R Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad Nicholas G. Kounis Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Farzaneh Hassanshahi Virginia Mplani Ioanna Koniari Ming-Yow Hung Ali Esmaeili Nadimi The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review
description	Coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) constitute two of the leading causes of death in Europe, USA and the rest of the world. According to the latest reports of the Iranian National Health Ministry, CAD is the main cause of death in Iranian patients with an age over 35 years despite a significant reduction in mortality due to early interventional treatments in the context of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Inflammation plays a fundamental role in coronary atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque formation, acute coronary thrombosis and CAD establishment. Chemokines are well-recognized mediators of inflammation involved in several bio-functions such as leucocyte migration in response to inflammatory signals and oxidative vascular injury. Different chemokines serve as chemo-attractants for a wide variety of cell types including immune cells. CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXLC10), is a chemokine with inflammatory features whereas CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) serves as a shared receptor for CXCL9, 10 and 11. These chemokines mediate immune responses through the activation and recruitment of leukocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. CXCL10, interleukin (IL-15) and interferon (IFN-g) are increased after a COVID-19 vaccination with a BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine and are enriched by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 after the second vaccination. The aim of the present study is the presentation of the elucidation of the crucial role of CXCL10 in the patho-physiology and pathogenesis of CAD and in identifying markers associated with the vaccination resulting in antibody development.
format	article
author	Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad Nicholas G. Kounis Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Farzaneh Hassanshahi Virginia Mplani Ioanna Koniari Ming-Yow Hung Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
author_facet	Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad Nicholas G. Kounis Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Farzaneh Hassanshahi Virginia Mplani Ioanna Koniari Ming-Yow Hung Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
author_sort	Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
title	The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review
title_short	The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review
title_full	The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr	The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed	The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review
title_sort	involvement of cxc motif chemokine ligand 10 (cxcl10) and its related chemokines in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and in the covid-19 vaccination: a narrative review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e4e698b1ba7946c3a47189c441c18de3
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The Involvement of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) and Its Related Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease and in the COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Review

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