CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>

ABSTRACT Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes constitute the CRISPR-Cas systems found in the Bacteria and Archaea domains. At least in some strains they provide an efficient barrier against transmissible genetic elements such as plasmid...

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Autores principales:	Cristóbal Almendros, Francisco J. M. Mojica, César Díez-Villaseñor, Noemí M. Guzmán, Jesús García-Martínez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e4e78c03f7be467899448aa86a25a7c1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e4e78c03f7be467899448aa86a25a7c12021-11-15T15:45:10ZCRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>10.1128/mBio.00767-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e4e78c03f7be467899448aa86a25a7c12014-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00767-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes constitute the CRISPR-Cas systems found in the Bacteria and Archaea domains. At least in some strains they provide an efficient barrier against transmissible genetic elements such as plasmids and viruses. Two CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified in Escherichia coli, pertaining to subtypes I-E (cas-E genes) and I-F (cas-F genes), respectively. In order to unveil the evolutionary dynamics of such systems, we analyzed the sequence variations in the CRISPR-Cas loci of a collection of 131 E. coli strains. Our results show that the strain grouping inferred from these CRISPR data slightly differs from the phylogeny of the species, suggesting the occurrence of recombinational events between CRISPR arrays. Moreover, we determined that the primary cas-E genes of E. coli were altogether replaced with a substantially different variant in a minor group of strains that include K-12. Insertion elements play an important role in this variability. This result underlines the interchange capacity of CRISPR-Cas constituents and hints that at least some functional aspects documented for the K-12 system may not apply to the vast majority of E. coli strains. IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli is a model microorganism for the study of diverse aspects such as microbial evolution and is a component of the human gut flora that may have a direct impact in everyday life. This work was undertaken with the purpose of elucidating the evolutionary pathways that have led to the present situation of its significantly different CRISPR-Cas subtypes (I-E and I-F) in several strains of E. coli. In doing so, this information offers a novel and wider understanding of the variety and relevance of these regions within the species. Therefore, this knowledge may provide clues helping researchers better understand these systems for typing purposes and make predictions of their behavior in strains that, depending on their particular genetic dotation, would result in different levels of immunity to foreign genetic elements.Cristóbal AlmendrosFrancisco J. M. MojicaCésar Díez-VillaseñorNoemí M. GuzmánJesús García-MartínezAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Cristóbal Almendros Francisco J. M. Mojica César Díez-Villaseñor Noemí M. Guzmán Jesús García-Martínez CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes constitute the CRISPR-Cas systems found in the Bacteria and Archaea domains. At least in some strains they provide an efficient barrier against transmissible genetic elements such as plasmids and viruses. Two CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified in Escherichia coli, pertaining to subtypes I-E (cas-E genes) and I-F (cas-F genes), respectively. In order to unveil the evolutionary dynamics of such systems, we analyzed the sequence variations in the CRISPR-Cas loci of a collection of 131 E. coli strains. Our results show that the strain grouping inferred from these CRISPR data slightly differs from the phylogeny of the species, suggesting the occurrence of recombinational events between CRISPR arrays. Moreover, we determined that the primary cas-E genes of E. coli were altogether replaced with a substantially different variant in a minor group of strains that include K-12. Insertion elements play an important role in this variability. This result underlines the interchange capacity of CRISPR-Cas constituents and hints that at least some functional aspects documented for the K-12 system may not apply to the vast majority of E. coli strains. IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli is a model microorganism for the study of diverse aspects such as microbial evolution and is a component of the human gut flora that may have a direct impact in everyday life. This work was undertaken with the purpose of elucidating the evolutionary pathways that have led to the present situation of its significantly different CRISPR-Cas subtypes (I-E and I-F) in several strains of E. coli. In doing so, this information offers a novel and wider understanding of the variety and relevance of these regions within the species. Therefore, this knowledge may provide clues helping researchers better understand these systems for typing purposes and make predictions of their behavior in strains that, depending on their particular genetic dotation, would result in different levels of immunity to foreign genetic elements.
format	article
author	Cristóbal Almendros Francisco J. M. Mojica César Díez-Villaseñor Noemí M. Guzmán Jesús García-Martínez
author_facet	Cristóbal Almendros Francisco J. M. Mojica César Díez-Villaseñor Noemí M. Guzmán Jesús García-Martínez
author_sort	Cristóbal Almendros
title	CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>
title_short	CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>
title_full	CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>
title_fullStr	CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>
title_sort	crispr-cas functional module exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">escherichia coli</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e4e78c03f7be467899448aa86a25a7c1
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CRISPR-Cas Functional Module Exchange in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Escherichia coli</named-content>

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