Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications

Khurshed Alam,1,* Youn Yi Jo,2,* Chul-Kyu Park,3 Hoonsung Cho1 1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;...

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Autores principales:	Alam K, Jo YY, Park CK, Cho H
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	reduced graphene oxide graphene oxide atmospheric plasma biocompatibility mtt assay hydrophobicity super-hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e51f9ede9a3d414cbd01950f20a4e6c0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e51f9ede9a3d414cbd01950f20a4e6c02021-12-02T10:11:58ZSynthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/e51f9ede9a3d414cbd01950f20a4e6c02020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/synthesis-of-graphene-oxide-using-atmospheric-plasma-for-prospective-b-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Khurshed Alam,1,* Youn Yi Jo,2,* Chul-Kyu Park,3 Hoonsung Cho1 1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; 3Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chul-Kyu ParkGachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of KoreaTel +82-32-899-6692Fax +82-32-724-9071Email pck0708@gachon.ac.krHoonsung ChoSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-62-530-1717Fax +82-62-530-1699Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krIntroduction: This paper presents a novel technique for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) with various surface features using high-density atmospheric plasma deposition. Furthermore, to investigate the use of hydrophobic, super-hydrophobic, and hydrophilic graphene in biological applications, we synthesized hydrophobic, super-hydrophobic, and hydrophilic graphene oxides by additional heat treatment and argon plasma treatment, respectively. In contrast to conventional fabrication procedures, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) formed under low pressure and high-temperature environment using a new synthesis method—developed and described in this study—offers a convenient deposition method on any kind surface with controlled wettability.Methods: High density at atmospheric plasma is used for the synthesis of rGO and GO and its biocompatibility based on various wetting properties was evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and the viability of cells in response to rGO and GO with various surface features was investigated. Structural integrity was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, FESEM and FE-TEM. Wettability was measured via contact angle method and confirmed with XPS analysis.Results: We found that GO coating with a hydrophilic feature is more biocompatible than other surfaces as observed in case of fibroblast cells. We have shown that wettability—controlled by GO deposition—influences biocompatibilities and antibacterial effect of biomaterial surfaces.Discussion: Measuring the contact angle, it is found that contact angle for hydrophobic is increased to 150.590 and reduced to 11.580 by heat and argon plasma treatment, respectively, from 75.880 that was initially in the case of hydrophobic surface. XPS analysis confirmed various oxygen-containing functional groups transforming as deposited hydrophobic surface into superhydrophobic and hydrophilic surface. Thus, we have proposed a new, direct, cost-effective, and highly productive method for the synthesis of rGO and GO—with various surface properties—for biological applications. Similarly, for the dental implant application, the Streptococcus mutans was used as an antibacterial effect and found that S. mutans grows slowly on hydrophilic surface. Thus, antibacterial effect was prominent on GO with hydrophilic surface.Keywords: reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, atmospheric plasma, biocompatibility, MTT assay, hydrophobicity, super-hydrophobicity and hydrophilicityAlam KJo YYPark CKCho HDove Medical Pressarticlereduced graphene oxidegraphene oxideatmospheric plasmabiocompatibilitymtt assayhydrophobicitysuper-hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity.Medicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 5813-5824 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reduced graphene oxide graphene oxide atmospheric plasma biocompatibility mtt assay hydrophobicity super-hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	reduced graphene oxide graphene oxide atmospheric plasma biocompatibility mtt assay hydrophobicity super-hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Medicine (General) R5-920 Alam K Jo YY Park CK Cho H Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications
description	Khurshed Alam,1,* Youn Yi Jo,2,* Chul-Kyu Park,3 Hoonsung Cho1 1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; 3Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chul-Kyu ParkGachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of KoreaTel +82-32-899-6692Fax +82-32-724-9071Email pck0708@gachon.ac.krHoonsung ChoSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-62-530-1717Fax +82-62-530-1699Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krIntroduction: This paper presents a novel technique for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) with various surface features using high-density atmospheric plasma deposition. Furthermore, to investigate the use of hydrophobic, super-hydrophobic, and hydrophilic graphene in biological applications, we synthesized hydrophobic, super-hydrophobic, and hydrophilic graphene oxides by additional heat treatment and argon plasma treatment, respectively. In contrast to conventional fabrication procedures, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) formed under low pressure and high-temperature environment using a new synthesis method—developed and described in this study—offers a convenient deposition method on any kind surface with controlled wettability.Methods: High density at atmospheric plasma is used for the synthesis of rGO and GO and its biocompatibility based on various wetting properties was evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and the viability of cells in response to rGO and GO with various surface features was investigated. Structural integrity was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, FESEM and FE-TEM. Wettability was measured via contact angle method and confirmed with XPS analysis.Results: We found that GO coating with a hydrophilic feature is more biocompatible than other surfaces as observed in case of fibroblast cells. We have shown that wettability—controlled by GO deposition—influences biocompatibilities and antibacterial effect of biomaterial surfaces.Discussion: Measuring the contact angle, it is found that contact angle for hydrophobic is increased to 150.590 and reduced to 11.580 by heat and argon plasma treatment, respectively, from 75.880 that was initially in the case of hydrophobic surface. XPS analysis confirmed various oxygen-containing functional groups transforming as deposited hydrophobic surface into superhydrophobic and hydrophilic surface. Thus, we have proposed a new, direct, cost-effective, and highly productive method for the synthesis of rGO and GO—with various surface properties—for biological applications. Similarly, for the dental implant application, the Streptococcus mutans was used as an antibacterial effect and found that S. mutans grows slowly on hydrophilic surface. Thus, antibacterial effect was prominent on GO with hydrophilic surface.Keywords: reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, atmospheric plasma, biocompatibility, MTT assay, hydrophobicity, super-hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity
format	article
author	Alam K Jo YY Park CK Cho H
author_facet	Alam K Jo YY Park CK Cho H
author_sort	Alam K
title	Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications
title_short	Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications
title_full	Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications
title_fullStr	Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications
title_sort	synthesis of graphene oxide using atmospheric plasma for prospective biological applications
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/e51f9ede9a3d414cbd01950f20a4e6c0
work_keys_str_mv	AT alamk synthesisofgrapheneoxideusingatmosphericplasmaforprospectivebiologicalapplications AT joyy synthesisofgrapheneoxideusingatmosphericplasmaforprospectivebiologicalapplications AT parkck synthesisofgrapheneoxideusingatmosphericplasmaforprospectivebiologicalapplications AT choh synthesisofgrapheneoxideusingatmosphericplasmaforprospectivebiologicalapplications
_version_	1718397547225022464

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Atmospheric Plasma for Prospective Biological Applications

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