Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing

Abstract Placozoa is a phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. These small, flat organisms adhere to the substrate via their densely ciliated ventral epithelium, which mediates mucociliary locomotion and nutrient uptake. They have only six morphological cell types, including one, fiber cells, for w...

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Autores principales:	Tatiana D. Mayorova, Katherine Hammar, Jae H. Jung, Maria A. Aronova, Guofeng Zhang, Christine A. Winters, Thomas S. Reese, Carolyn L. Smith
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e566c84a2b0047daadefc93d6cb380c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e566c84a2b0047daadefc93d6cb380c42021-12-05T12:13:45ZPlacozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing10.1038/s41598-021-02735-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e566c84a2b0047daadefc93d6cb380c42021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02735-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Placozoa is a phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. These small, flat organisms adhere to the substrate via their densely ciliated ventral epithelium, which mediates mucociliary locomotion and nutrient uptake. They have only six morphological cell types, including one, fiber cells, for which functional data is lacking. Fiber cells are non-epithelial cells with multiple processes. We used electron and light microscopic approaches to unravel the roles of fiber cells in Trichoplax adhaerens, a representative member of the phylum. Three-dimensional reconstructions of serial sections of Trichoplax showed that each fiber cell is in contact with several other cells. Examination of fiber cells in thin sections and observations of live dissociated fiber cells demonstrated that they phagocytose cell debris and bacteria. In situ hybridization confirmed that fiber cells express genes involved in phagocytic activity. Fiber cells also are involved in wound healing as evidenced from microsurgery experiments. Based on these observations we conclude that fiber cells are multi-purpose macrophage-like cells. Macrophage-like cells have been described in Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria and are widespread among Bilateria, but our study is the first to show that Placozoa possesses this cell type. The phylogenetic distribution of macrophage-like cells suggests that they appeared early in metazoan evolution.Tatiana D. MayorovaKatherine HammarJae H. JungMaria A. AronovaGuofeng ZhangChristine A. WintersThomas S. ReeseCarolyn L. SmithNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tatiana D. Mayorova Katherine Hammar Jae H. Jung Maria A. Aronova Guofeng Zhang Christine A. Winters Thomas S. Reese Carolyn L. Smith Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
description	Abstract Placozoa is a phylum of non-bilaterian marine animals. These small, flat organisms adhere to the substrate via their densely ciliated ventral epithelium, which mediates mucociliary locomotion and nutrient uptake. They have only six morphological cell types, including one, fiber cells, for which functional data is lacking. Fiber cells are non-epithelial cells with multiple processes. We used electron and light microscopic approaches to unravel the roles of fiber cells in Trichoplax adhaerens, a representative member of the phylum. Three-dimensional reconstructions of serial sections of Trichoplax showed that each fiber cell is in contact with several other cells. Examination of fiber cells in thin sections and observations of live dissociated fiber cells demonstrated that they phagocytose cell debris and bacteria. In situ hybridization confirmed that fiber cells express genes involved in phagocytic activity. Fiber cells also are involved in wound healing as evidenced from microsurgery experiments. Based on these observations we conclude that fiber cells are multi-purpose macrophage-like cells. Macrophage-like cells have been described in Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria and are widespread among Bilateria, but our study is the first to show that Placozoa possesses this cell type. The phylogenetic distribution of macrophage-like cells suggests that they appeared early in metazoan evolution.
format	article
author	Tatiana D. Mayorova Katherine Hammar Jae H. Jung Maria A. Aronova Guofeng Zhang Christine A. Winters Thomas S. Reese Carolyn L. Smith
author_facet	Tatiana D. Mayorova Katherine Hammar Jae H. Jung Maria A. Aronova Guofeng Zhang Christine A. Winters Thomas S. Reese Carolyn L. Smith
author_sort	Tatiana D. Mayorova
title	Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
title_short	Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
title_full	Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
title_fullStr	Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
title_full_unstemmed	Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
title_sort	placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e566c84a2b0047daadefc93d6cb380c4
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Placozoan fiber cells: mediators of innate immunity and participants in wound healing

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