Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements

Joseph J Wakshlag,1 Stephen Cital,2 Scott J Eaton,3 Reece Prussin,2 Christopher Hudalla3 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2ElleVet Sciences, Product Development and Scientific Communications, Portland, ME, USA; 3ProVerde Labo...

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Autores principales:	Wakshlag JJ, Cital S, Eaton SJ, Prussin R, Hudalla C
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	cannabinoid hemp supplement cannabidiol pet terpene oral. Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e575052180de40b4977c8211386c3b7e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e575052180de40b4977c8211386c3b7e2021-12-02T09:40:27ZCannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/e575052180de40b4977c8211386c3b7e2020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/cannabinoid-terpene-and-heavy-metal-analysis-of-29-over-the-counter-co-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034Joseph J Wakshlag,1 Stephen Cital,2 Scott J Eaton,3 Reece Prussin,2 Christopher Hudalla3 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2ElleVet Sciences, Product Development and Scientific Communications, Portland, ME, USA; 3ProVerde Laboratories, Milford, MA 01757, USACorrespondence: Joseph J WakshlagCornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center C2-009, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAEmail Dr.joesh@gmail.comPurpose: The use of veterinary low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa (ie, hemp) products has increased in popularity for a variety of pet ailments. Low-THC Cannabis sativa is federally legal for sale and distribution in the USA, and the rise in internet commerce has provided access to interested consumers, with minimal quality control.Materials and Methods: We performed an internet word search of “hemp extract and dog” or “CBD product and dog” and analyzed 29 products that were using low-THC Cannabis sativa extracts in their production of supplements. All products were tested for major cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD), ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabigerol (CBG), and other minor cannabinoids, as well as their carboxylic acid derivatives (CBDA, THCA, CBGA) using an ISO/IEC 17025 certified laboratory. Products were also tested for major terpenes and heavy metals to understand constituents in the hemp plants being extracted and distributed.Results: All products were below the federal limit of 0.3% THC with variable amounts of CBD (0– 88 mg/mL or g). Only two products did not supply a CBD or total cannabinoid concentration on their packaging or website, while 22/29 could supply a certificate of analysis (COA) from a third-party laboratory. Ten of the 27 products were within 10% of the total cannabinoid concentrations of their label claim with a median concentration of 93% of claims (0– 154%). Heavy metal contamination was found in 4/29 products, with lead being the most prevalent contaminant (3/29).Conclusion: The products analyzed had highly variable concentrations of CBD or total cannabinoids with only 18 of 29 being appropriately labeled according to current FDA non-medication, non-dietary supplement or non-food guidelines. Owners and veterinarians wanting to utilize CBD-rich Cannabis sativa products should be aware of low-concentration products and should obtain a COA enabling them to fully discuss the implications of use and calculated dosing before administering to pets.Keywords: cannabinoid, hemp, supplement, cannabidiol, pet, terpene, oralWakshlag JJCital SEaton SJPrussin RHudalla CDove Medical Pressarticlecannabinoidhempsupplementcannabidiolpetterpeneoral.Veterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol Volume 11, Pp 45-55 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cannabinoid hemp supplement cannabidiol pet terpene oral. Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	cannabinoid hemp supplement cannabidiol pet terpene oral. Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Wakshlag JJ Cital S Eaton SJ Prussin R Hudalla C Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements
description	Joseph J Wakshlag,1 Stephen Cital,2 Scott J Eaton,3 Reece Prussin,2 Christopher Hudalla3 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2ElleVet Sciences, Product Development and Scientific Communications, Portland, ME, USA; 3ProVerde Laboratories, Milford, MA 01757, USACorrespondence: Joseph J WakshlagCornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center C2-009, 930 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAEmail Dr.joesh@gmail.comPurpose: The use of veterinary low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa (ie, hemp) products has increased in popularity for a variety of pet ailments. Low-THC Cannabis sativa is federally legal for sale and distribution in the USA, and the rise in internet commerce has provided access to interested consumers, with minimal quality control.Materials and Methods: We performed an internet word search of “hemp extract and dog” or “CBD product and dog” and analyzed 29 products that were using low-THC Cannabis sativa extracts in their production of supplements. All products were tested for major cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD), ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabigerol (CBG), and other minor cannabinoids, as well as their carboxylic acid derivatives (CBDA, THCA, CBGA) using an ISO/IEC 17025 certified laboratory. Products were also tested for major terpenes and heavy metals to understand constituents in the hemp plants being extracted and distributed.Results: All products were below the federal limit of 0.3% THC with variable amounts of CBD (0– 88 mg/mL or g). Only two products did not supply a CBD or total cannabinoid concentration on their packaging or website, while 22/29 could supply a certificate of analysis (COA) from a third-party laboratory. Ten of the 27 products were within 10% of the total cannabinoid concentrations of their label claim with a median concentration of 93% of claims (0– 154%). Heavy metal contamination was found in 4/29 products, with lead being the most prevalent contaminant (3/29).Conclusion: The products analyzed had highly variable concentrations of CBD or total cannabinoids with only 18 of 29 being appropriately labeled according to current FDA non-medication, non-dietary supplement or non-food guidelines. Owners and veterinarians wanting to utilize CBD-rich Cannabis sativa products should be aware of low-concentration products and should obtain a COA enabling them to fully discuss the implications of use and calculated dosing before administering to pets.Keywords: cannabinoid, hemp, supplement, cannabidiol, pet, terpene, oral
format	article
author	Wakshlag JJ Cital S Eaton SJ Prussin R Hudalla C
author_facet	Wakshlag JJ Cital S Eaton SJ Prussin R Hudalla C
author_sort	Wakshlag JJ
title	Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements
title_short	Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements
title_full	Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements
title_fullStr	Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements
title_full_unstemmed	Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements
title_sort	cannabinoid, terpene, and heavy metal analysis of 29 over-the-counter commercial veterinary hemp supplements
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/e575052180de40b4977c8211386c3b7e
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Cannabinoid, Terpene, and Heavy Metal Analysis of 29 Over-the-Counter Commercial Veterinary Hemp Supplements

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