Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials

Circular economy promotes the use of waste materials into new production processes as a key factor for resource efficiency. The construction sector, and specifically the fired clay industry, is able to assimilate large amounts of waste in their processes, without significantly altering the technical...

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Autores principales:	Ivan Salas, Eva Cifrian, Ana Andres, Javier R. Viguri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fired bricks Waelz slag foundry sand scale-up self-organizing maps Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e5759156288e4a28baea026458ea9e15
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:e5759156288e4a28baea026458ea9e15
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e5759156288e4a28baea026458ea9e152021-11-11T15:06:42ZSelf-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials10.3390/app1121100102076-3417https://doaj.org/article/e5759156288e4a28baea026458ea9e152021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10010https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Circular economy promotes the use of waste materials into new production processes as a key factor for resource efficiency. The construction sector, and specifically the fired clay industry, is able to assimilate large amounts of waste in their processes, without significantly altering the technical properties of products. The introduction of different waste in ceramic products at the laboratory level has been extensively studied in the literature, but most of these studies have not yet been scaled-up to industrial production. Differences in processing with respect to laboratory conditions introduces uncertainty in relation to the expected properties of the final products. This paper uses a Self-Organizing Map (SOM)-based methodology for analysing and assessing the incorporation of industrial waste, Waelz slag (WS) and foundry sand dust (FSD), in ceramic products obtained sequentially at laboratory, semi-industrial and industrial level, over technological properties and metals release. As a result, from the SOM analysis, a clustered map of the samples developed is obtained that highlights the most important parameters affecting the technological and environmental properties to be the type of clay and therefore, the firing temperature; secondly, the Waelz slag content, being independent of the foundry sand addition; and finally, the type and level of processing (laboratory-pressing, semi-industrial extruder, industrial extruder).Ivan SalasEva CifrianAna AndresJavier R. ViguriMDPI AGarticlefired bricksWaelz slagfoundry sandscale-upself-organizing mapsTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10010, p 10010 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fired bricks Waelz slag foundry sand scale-up self-organizing maps Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	fired bricks Waelz slag foundry sand scale-up self-organizing maps Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Ivan Salas Eva Cifrian Ana Andres Javier R. Viguri Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials
description	Circular economy promotes the use of waste materials into new production processes as a key factor for resource efficiency. The construction sector, and specifically the fired clay industry, is able to assimilate large amounts of waste in their processes, without significantly altering the technical properties of products. The introduction of different waste in ceramic products at the laboratory level has been extensively studied in the literature, but most of these studies have not yet been scaled-up to industrial production. Differences in processing with respect to laboratory conditions introduces uncertainty in relation to the expected properties of the final products. This paper uses a Self-Organizing Map (SOM)-based methodology for analysing and assessing the incorporation of industrial waste, Waelz slag (WS) and foundry sand dust (FSD), in ceramic products obtained sequentially at laboratory, semi-industrial and industrial level, over technological properties and metals release. As a result, from the SOM analysis, a clustered map of the samples developed is obtained that highlights the most important parameters affecting the technological and environmental properties to be the type of clay and therefore, the firing temperature; secondly, the Waelz slag content, being independent of the foundry sand addition; and finally, the type and level of processing (laboratory-pressing, semi-industrial extruder, industrial extruder).
format	article
author	Ivan Salas Eva Cifrian Ana Andres Javier R. Viguri
author_facet	Ivan Salas Eva Cifrian Ana Andres Javier R. Viguri
author_sort	Ivan Salas
title	Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_short	Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_full	Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_fullStr	Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_full_unstemmed	Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_sort	self-organizing maps to assess the recycling of waste in ceramic construction materials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e5759156288e4a28baea026458ea9e15
work_keys_str_mv	AT ivansalas selforganizingmapstoassesstherecyclingofwasteinceramicconstructionmaterials AT evacifrian selforganizingmapstoassesstherecyclingofwasteinceramicconstructionmaterials AT anaandres selforganizingmapstoassesstherecyclingofwasteinceramicconstructionmaterials AT javierrviguri selforganizingmapstoassesstherecyclingofwasteinceramicconstructionmaterials
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Self-Organizing Maps to Assess the Recycling of Waste in Ceramic Construction Materials

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