Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition

Marco Bergamin,1 Andrea Ermolao,1 Silvia Tolomio,1 Linda Berton,2 Giuseppe Sergi,2 Marco Zaccaria1 1Sports Medicine Division, 2Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out in geothe...

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Autores principales:	Bergamin M, Ermolao A, Tolomio S, Berton L, Sergi G, Zaccaria M
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2013
Materias:	Aging multimodality exercise performance muscle mass. Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e579a31c7eb64624b59041a27c48267c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e579a31c7eb64624b59041a27c48267c2021-12-02T00:12:52ZWater- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition1178-1998https://doaj.org/article/e579a31c7eb64624b59041a27c48267c2013-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/water--versus-land-based-exercise-in-elderly-subjects-effects-on-physi-peer-reviewed-article-CIAhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-1998Marco Bergamin,1 Andrea Ermolao,1 Silvia Tolomio,1 Linda Berton,2 Giuseppe Sergi,2 Marco Zaccaria1 1Sports Medicine Division, 2Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out in geothermal spring water to improve overall physical function and muscle mass in a group of healthy elderly subjects. A further aim was to compare this water-based protocol with a land-based protocol and a control group. For this purpose, 59 subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups: aquatic group (AG), land group (LG), and control group (CG). AG and LG followed a 6-month, twice-weekly, multimodality exercise intervention. AG underwent the protocol in hot-spring water (36°C) while LG did it in a land-based environment. After the intervention, knee-extension strength was maintained in AG and LG. The 8-foot up-and-go test showed a reduction in both exercise groups (AG −19.3%, P < 0.05; LG −12.6%, P < 0.05), with a significantly greater decrease in AG. The back-scratch test revealed an improvement only in AG (25.8%; P < 0.05), while the sit-and-reach test improved in all groups. Finally, AG reduced fat mass by 4% (P < 0.05), and dominant forearm fat decreased by 9.2% (P < 0.05). In addition, calf muscle density increased by 1.8% (P < 0.05). In summary, both water- and land-based activities were beneficial in maintaining strength and in improving lower-body flexibility. Aquatic exercise appeared a better activity to improve dynamic balance. Thermal swimming pools and the use of rating of perceived exertion as a method of exercise monitoring should be considered potentially useful tools to enhance physical performance and body composition in healthy elderly. Keywords: aging, multimodality exercise, performance, muscle massBergamin MErmolao ATolomio SBerton LSergi GZaccaria MDove Medical PressarticleAgingmultimodality exerciseperformancemuscle mass.GeriatricsRC952-954.6ENClinical Interventions in Aging, Vol Volume 8, Pp 1109-1117 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aging multimodality exercise performance muscle mass. Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	Aging multimodality exercise performance muscle mass. Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Bergamin M Ermolao A Tolomio S Berton L Sergi G Zaccaria M Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
description	Marco Bergamin,1 Andrea Ermolao,1 Silvia Tolomio,1 Linda Berton,2 Giuseppe Sergi,2 Marco Zaccaria1 1Sports Medicine Division, 2Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padua, Italy Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 24-week exercise protocol carried out in geothermal spring water to improve overall physical function and muscle mass in a group of healthy elderly subjects. A further aim was to compare this water-based protocol with a land-based protocol and a control group. For this purpose, 59 subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to three groups: aquatic group (AG), land group (LG), and control group (CG). AG and LG followed a 6-month, twice-weekly, multimodality exercise intervention. AG underwent the protocol in hot-spring water (36°C) while LG did it in a land-based environment. After the intervention, knee-extension strength was maintained in AG and LG. The 8-foot up-and-go test showed a reduction in both exercise groups (AG −19.3%, P < 0.05; LG −12.6%, P < 0.05), with a significantly greater decrease in AG. The back-scratch test revealed an improvement only in AG (25.8%; P < 0.05), while the sit-and-reach test improved in all groups. Finally, AG reduced fat mass by 4% (P < 0.05), and dominant forearm fat decreased by 9.2% (P < 0.05). In addition, calf muscle density increased by 1.8% (P < 0.05). In summary, both water- and land-based activities were beneficial in maintaining strength and in improving lower-body flexibility. Aquatic exercise appeared a better activity to improve dynamic balance. Thermal swimming pools and the use of rating of perceived exertion as a method of exercise monitoring should be considered potentially useful tools to enhance physical performance and body composition in healthy elderly. Keywords: aging, multimodality exercise, performance, muscle mass
format	article
author	Bergamin M Ermolao A Tolomio S Berton L Sergi G Zaccaria M
author_facet	Bergamin M Ermolao A Tolomio S Berton L Sergi G Zaccaria M
author_sort	Bergamin M
title	Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
title_short	Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
title_full	Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
title_fullStr	Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
title_full_unstemmed	Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
title_sort	water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/e579a31c7eb64624b59041a27c48267c
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Water- versus land-based exercise in elderly subjects: effects on physical performance and body composition

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