Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, neuromodulating technique for brain hyperexcitability disorders. The objective of this paper is to discuss the mechanism of action of rTMS as well as to investigate the literature involving the application of rTMS in the treatmen...

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Autores principales:	Alexa J. Denton, Ariel Finberg, Peter E. Ashman, Nathalie B. Bencie, Tricia Scaglione, Brianna Kuzbyt, Fred F. Telischi, Rahul Mittal, Adrien A. Eshraghi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	TMS tinnitus neuromodulation auditory cortex synaptic plasticity non-invasive Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e57f349990a9476e9c205bb5daa4b7e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e57f349990a9476e9c205bb5daa4b7e82021-11-25T18:02:39ZImplications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus10.3390/jcm102254222077-0383https://doaj.org/article/e57f349990a9476e9c205bb5daa4b7e82021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/22/5422https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, neuromodulating technique for brain hyperexcitability disorders. The objective of this paper is to discuss the mechanism of action of rTMS as well as to investigate the literature involving the application of rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus. The reviewed aspects of the protocols included baseline evaluation, the total number of sessions, frequency and the total number of stimuli, the location of treatment, and the outcome measures. Even with heterogeneous protocols, most studies utilized validated tinnitus questionnaires as baseline and outcome measures. Low frequency (1 Hz) stimulation throughout 10 consecutive sessions was the most widely used frequency and treatment duration; however, there was no consensus on the total number of stimuli necessary to achieve significant results. The auditory cortex (AC) was the most targeted location, with most studies supporting changes in neural activity with multi-site stimulation to areas in the frontal cortex (FC), particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The overall efficacy across most of the reviewed trials reveals positive statistically significant results. Though rTMS has proven to impact neuroplasticity at the microscopic and clinical level, further studies are warranted to demonstrate and support the clinical use of rTMS in tinnitus treatment with a standardized protocol.Alexa J. DentonAriel FinbergPeter E. AshmanNathalie B. BencieTricia ScaglioneBrianna KuzbytFred F. TelischiRahul MittalAdrien A. EshraghiMDPI AGarticleTMStinnitusneuromodulationauditory cortexsynaptic plasticitynon-invasiveMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5422, p 5422 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	TMS tinnitus neuromodulation auditory cortex synaptic plasticity non-invasive Medicine R
spellingShingle	TMS tinnitus neuromodulation auditory cortex synaptic plasticity non-invasive Medicine R Alexa J. Denton Ariel Finberg Peter E. Ashman Nathalie B. Bencie Tricia Scaglione Brianna Kuzbyt Fred F. Telischi Rahul Mittal Adrien A. Eshraghi Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus
description	Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, neuromodulating technique for brain hyperexcitability disorders. The objective of this paper is to discuss the mechanism of action of rTMS as well as to investigate the literature involving the application of rTMS in the treatment of tinnitus. The reviewed aspects of the protocols included baseline evaluation, the total number of sessions, frequency and the total number of stimuli, the location of treatment, and the outcome measures. Even with heterogeneous protocols, most studies utilized validated tinnitus questionnaires as baseline and outcome measures. Low frequency (1 Hz) stimulation throughout 10 consecutive sessions was the most widely used frequency and treatment duration; however, there was no consensus on the total number of stimuli necessary to achieve significant results. The auditory cortex (AC) was the most targeted location, with most studies supporting changes in neural activity with multi-site stimulation to areas in the frontal cortex (FC), particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The overall efficacy across most of the reviewed trials reveals positive statistically significant results. Though rTMS has proven to impact neuroplasticity at the microscopic and clinical level, further studies are warranted to demonstrate and support the clinical use of rTMS in tinnitus treatment with a standardized protocol.
format	article
author	Alexa J. Denton Ariel Finberg Peter E. Ashman Nathalie B. Bencie Tricia Scaglione Brianna Kuzbyt Fred F. Telischi Rahul Mittal Adrien A. Eshraghi
author_facet	Alexa J. Denton Ariel Finberg Peter E. Ashman Nathalie B. Bencie Tricia Scaglione Brianna Kuzbyt Fred F. Telischi Rahul Mittal Adrien A. Eshraghi
author_sort	Alexa J. Denton
title	Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus
title_short	Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus
title_full	Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus
title_fullStr	Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus
title_full_unstemmed	Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus
title_sort	implications of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment modality for tinnitus
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e57f349990a9476e9c205bb5daa4b7e8
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Implications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Treatment Modality for Tinnitus

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