Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons

Neuro-inflammation occurs as a sequence of brain injury and is associated with production of cytokines. Cytokines can modulate the function and survival of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of TNF on the neurons, microglia and astrocytes in norma...

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Autores principales:	Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset, Muddanna Sakkattu Rao, Solaiman M Alshawaf, Hasan Kh Ashkanani, Abdulaziz H Kabli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	AIMS Press 2021
Materias:	astrocytes microglia brain injury tnf cytokine Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e58344bf018d47b199ee3439845a4c21
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e58344bf018d47b199ee3439845a4c212021-12-02T01:26:50ZTumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons10.3934/Neuroscience.20210312373-7972https://doaj.org/article/e58344bf018d47b199ee3439845a4c212021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/Neuroscience.2021031?viewType=HTMLhttps://doaj.org/toc/2373-7972Neuro-inflammation occurs as a sequence of brain injury and is associated with production of cytokines. Cytokines can modulate the function and survival of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of TNF on the neurons, microglia and astrocytes in normal brain and stab wound brain injury. Methods Normal BALB/c male mice (N) without any injury were subdivided into NA and NB groups. Another set mouse was subjected to stab wound brain injury (I) and were subdivided into IA and IB. NA and IA groups received intraperitoneal injections of TNF (1 µg/kg body weight/day) for nine days, whereas NB and IB groups received intraperitoneal injections of PBS. Animals were killed on 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, and 9<sup>th</sup> day. Frozen brain sections through the injury site in IA and IB or corresponding region in NA and NB groups were stained for neurodegeneration, immunostained for astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Western blotting for GFAP and ELISA for BDNF were done from the tissues collected from all groups. Results The number of degenerating neurons significantly decreased in TNF treated groups. There was a significant increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia in TNF treated groups compared to PBS treated groups. In addition, it was found that TNF stimulated the expression of GFAP and BDNF in NA and IA groups. Conclusions TNF induces astrogliosis and microgliosis in normal and injured brain and promotes the survival of cortical neurons in stab wound brain injury, may be by upregulating the BDNF level.Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset Muddanna Sakkattu RaoSolaiman M Alshawaf Hasan Kh Ashkanani Abdulaziz H Kabli AIMS Pressarticleastrocytesmicrogliabrain injurytnfcytokineNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENAIMS Neuroscience, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 558-584 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	astrocytes microglia brain injury tnf cytokine Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	astrocytes microglia brain injury tnf cytokine Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset Muddanna Sakkattu Rao Solaiman M Alshawaf Hasan Kh Ashkanani Abdulaziz H Kabli Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
description	Neuro-inflammation occurs as a sequence of brain injury and is associated with production of cytokines. Cytokines can modulate the function and survival of neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of TNF on the neurons, microglia and astrocytes in normal brain and stab wound brain injury. Methods Normal BALB/c male mice (N) without any injury were subdivided into NA and NB groups. Another set mouse was subjected to stab wound brain injury (I) and were subdivided into IA and IB. NA and IA groups received intraperitoneal injections of TNF (1 µg/kg body weight/day) for nine days, whereas NB and IB groups received intraperitoneal injections of PBS. Animals were killed on 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup>, and 9<sup>th</sup> day. Frozen brain sections through the injury site in IA and IB or corresponding region in NA and NB groups were stained for neurodegeneration, immunostained for astrocytes, microglia and neurons. Western blotting for GFAP and ELISA for BDNF were done from the tissues collected from all groups. Results The number of degenerating neurons significantly decreased in TNF treated groups. There was a significant increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia in TNF treated groups compared to PBS treated groups. In addition, it was found that TNF stimulated the expression of GFAP and BDNF in NA and IA groups. Conclusions TNF induces astrogliosis and microgliosis in normal and injured brain and promotes the survival of cortical neurons in stab wound brain injury, may be by upregulating the BDNF level.
format	article
author	Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset Muddanna Sakkattu Rao Solaiman M Alshawaf Hasan Kh Ashkanani Abdulaziz H Kabli
author_facet	Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset Muddanna Sakkattu Rao Solaiman M Alshawaf Hasan Kh Ashkanani Abdulaziz H Kabli
author_sort	Ebtesam M Abd-El-Basset
title	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
title_short	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
title_full	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
title_fullStr	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
title_full_unstemmed	Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
title_sort	tumor necrosis factor (tnf) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons
publisher	AIMS Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e58344bf018d47b199ee3439845a4c21
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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces astrogliosis, microgliosis and promotes survival of cortical neurons

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