Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages

Bo Chen,1 Yapeng You,1 Aobo Ma,1 Yunjia Song,1 Jian Jiao,2 Liting Song,1 Enyu Shi,1 Xue Zhong,1 Ying Li,1 Changyi Li1 1School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University Gener...

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Autores principales:	Chen B, You Y, Ma A, Song Y, Jiao J, Song L, Shi E, Zhong X, Li Y, Li C
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2020
Materias:	titanium surface modification tio2 nanotube zinc nanoparticles immunomodulatory function osseointegration Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e5c5a71917c14a2a954bc9f2796c0306
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e5c5a71917c14a2a954bc9f2796c03062021-12-02T05:48:21ZZn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/e5c5a71917c14a2a954bc9f2796c03062020-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/zn-incorporated-tio2-nanotube-surface-improves-osteogenesis-ability-th-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Bo Chen,1 Yapeng You,1 Aobo Ma,1 Yunjia Song,1 Jian Jiao,2 Liting Song,1 Enyu Shi,1 Xue Zhong,1 Ying Li,1 Changyi Li1 1School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ying Li; Changyi LiStomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 12 of Observatory Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-22-23332034; +86-22-23332003Fax +86-22-23332122Email yingli@tmu.edu.cn; lichangyi@tmu.edu.cnPurpose: Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element in the body, has stable chemical properties, excellent osteogenic ability and moderate immunomodulatory property. In the present study, a Zn-incorporated TiO2 nanotube (TNT) was fabricated on titanium (Ti) implant material. We aimed to evaluate the influence of nano-scale topography and Zn on behaviors of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the effects of Zn-incorporated TNT surface-regulated macrophages on the behaviors and osteogenic differentiation of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were also investigated.Methods: TNT coatings were firstly fabricated on a pure Ti surface using anodic oxidation, and then nano-scale Zn particles were incorporated onto TNTs by the hydrothermal method. Surface topography, chemical composition, roughness, hydrophilicity, Zn release pattern and protein adsorption ability of the Zn-incorporated TiO2 nanotube surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface profiler, contact angle test, Zn release test and protein adsorption test. The cell behaviors and both pro-inflammatory (M1) and pro-regenerative (M2) marker gene and protein levels in macrophages cultured on Zn-incorporated TNTs surfaces with different TNT diameters were detected. The supernatants of macrophages were extracted and preserved as conditioned medium (CM). Furthermore, the behaviors and osteogenic properties of osteoblasts cultured in CM on various surfaces were evaluated.Results: The release profile of Zn on Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces revealed a controlled release pattern. Macrophages cultured on Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces displayed enhanced gene and protein expression of M2 markers, and M1 markers were moderately inhibited, compared with the LPS group (the inflammation model). When cultured in CM, osteoblasts cultured on Zn-incorporated TNTs showed strengthened cell proliferation, adhesion, osteogenesis-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular mineralization, compared with their TNT counterparts and the Ti group.Conclusion: This study suggests that the application of Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces may establish an osteogenic microenvironment and accelerate bone formation. It provided a promising strategy of Ti surface modification for a better applicable prospect.Keywords: titanium surface modification, TiO2 nanotube, zinc nanoparticles, immunomodulatory function, osseointegrationChen BYou YMa ASong YJiao JSong LShi EZhong XLi YLi CDove Medical Pressarticletitanium surface modificationtio2 nanotubezinc nanoparticlesimmunomodulatory functionosseointegrationMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 15, Pp 2095-2118 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	titanium surface modification tio2 nanotube zinc nanoparticles immunomodulatory function osseointegration Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	titanium surface modification tio2 nanotube zinc nanoparticles immunomodulatory function osseointegration Medicine (General) R5-920 Chen B You Y Ma A Song Y Jiao J Song L Shi E Zhong X Li Y Li C Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages
description	Bo Chen,1 Yapeng You,1 Aobo Ma,1 Yunjia Song,1 Jian Jiao,2 Liting Song,1 Enyu Shi,1 Xue Zhong,1 Ying Li,1 Changyi Li1 1School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ying Li; Changyi LiStomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 12 of Observatory Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-22-23332034; +86-22-23332003Fax +86-22-23332122Email yingli@tmu.edu.cn; lichangyi@tmu.edu.cnPurpose: Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element in the body, has stable chemical properties, excellent osteogenic ability and moderate immunomodulatory property. In the present study, a Zn-incorporated TiO2 nanotube (TNT) was fabricated on titanium (Ti) implant material. We aimed to evaluate the influence of nano-scale topography and Zn on behaviors of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the effects of Zn-incorporated TNT surface-regulated macrophages on the behaviors and osteogenic differentiation of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were also investigated.Methods: TNT coatings were firstly fabricated on a pure Ti surface using anodic oxidation, and then nano-scale Zn particles were incorporated onto TNTs by the hydrothermal method. Surface topography, chemical composition, roughness, hydrophilicity, Zn release pattern and protein adsorption ability of the Zn-incorporated TiO2 nanotube surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface profiler, contact angle test, Zn release test and protein adsorption test. The cell behaviors and both pro-inflammatory (M1) and pro-regenerative (M2) marker gene and protein levels in macrophages cultured on Zn-incorporated TNTs surfaces with different TNT diameters were detected. The supernatants of macrophages were extracted and preserved as conditioned medium (CM). Furthermore, the behaviors and osteogenic properties of osteoblasts cultured in CM on various surfaces were evaluated.Results: The release profile of Zn on Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces revealed a controlled release pattern. Macrophages cultured on Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces displayed enhanced gene and protein expression of M2 markers, and M1 markers were moderately inhibited, compared with the LPS group (the inflammation model). When cultured in CM, osteoblasts cultured on Zn-incorporated TNTs showed strengthened cell proliferation, adhesion, osteogenesis-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular mineralization, compared with their TNT counterparts and the Ti group.Conclusion: This study suggests that the application of Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces may establish an osteogenic microenvironment and accelerate bone formation. It provided a promising strategy of Ti surface modification for a better applicable prospect.Keywords: titanium surface modification, TiO2 nanotube, zinc nanoparticles, immunomodulatory function, osseointegration
format	article
author	Chen B You Y Ma A Song Y Jiao J Song L Shi E Zhong X Li Y Li C
author_facet	Chen B You Y Ma A Song Y Jiao J Song L Shi E Zhong X Li Y Li C
author_sort	Chen B
title	Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages
title_short	Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages
title_full	Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages
title_fullStr	Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed	Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages
title_sort	zn-incorporated tio2 nanotube surface improves osteogenesis ability through influencing immunomodulatory function of macrophages
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/e5c5a71917c14a2a954bc9f2796c0306
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Zn-Incorporated TiO2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages

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