The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.

Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is predicted to be present in mitochondria of several invertebrate taxa including tardigrades. Independently of the reason concerning the enzyme occurrence in animal mitochondria, expression of AOX in human mitochondria is regarded as a potential therapeutic s...

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Autores principales:	Daria Wojciechowska, Milena Roszkowska, Łukasz Kaczmarek, Wiesława Jarmuszkiewicz, Andonis Karachitos, Hanna Kmita
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e5cd6405e9bc40c4901021310440d4ff
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e5cd6405e9bc40c4901021310440d4ff2021-12-02T20:14:56ZThe tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0244260https://doaj.org/article/e5cd6405e9bc40c4901021310440d4ff2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244260https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is predicted to be present in mitochondria of several invertebrate taxa including tardigrades. Independently of the reason concerning the enzyme occurrence in animal mitochondria, expression of AOX in human mitochondria is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy. Till now, relevant data were obtained due to heterologous AOX expression in cells and animals without natively expressed AOX. Application of animals natively expressing AOX could importantly contribute to the research. Thus, we decided to investigate AOX activity in intact specimens of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris. We observed that H. exemplaris specimens' tolerance to the blockage of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) cytochrome pathway was diminished in the presence of AOX inhibitor and the inhibitor-sensitive respiration enabled the tardigrade respiration under condition of the blockage. Importantly, these observations correlated with relevant changes of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Δψ) detected in intact animals. Moreover, detection of AOX at protein level required the MRC cytochrome pathway blockage. Overall, we demonstrated that AOX activity in tardigrades can be monitored by the animals' behavior observation as well as by measurement of intact specimens' whole-body respiration and Δψ. Furthermore, it is also possible to check the impact of the MRC cytochrome pathway blockage on AOX level as well as AOX inhibition in the absence of the blockage on animal functioning. Thus, H. exemplaris could be consider as a whole-animal model suitable to study AOX.Daria WojciechowskaMilena RoszkowskaŁukasz KaczmarekWiesława JarmuszkiewiczAndonis KarachitosHanna KmitaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0244260 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daria Wojciechowska Milena Roszkowska Łukasz Kaczmarek Wiesława Jarmuszkiewicz Andonis Karachitos Hanna Kmita The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
description	Mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is predicted to be present in mitochondria of several invertebrate taxa including tardigrades. Independently of the reason concerning the enzyme occurrence in animal mitochondria, expression of AOX in human mitochondria is regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy. Till now, relevant data were obtained due to heterologous AOX expression in cells and animals without natively expressed AOX. Application of animals natively expressing AOX could importantly contribute to the research. Thus, we decided to investigate AOX activity in intact specimens of the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris. We observed that H. exemplaris specimens' tolerance to the blockage of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) cytochrome pathway was diminished in the presence of AOX inhibitor and the inhibitor-sensitive respiration enabled the tardigrade respiration under condition of the blockage. Importantly, these observations correlated with relevant changes of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Δψ) detected in intact animals. Moreover, detection of AOX at protein level required the MRC cytochrome pathway blockage. Overall, we demonstrated that AOX activity in tardigrades can be monitored by the animals' behavior observation as well as by measurement of intact specimens' whole-body respiration and Δψ. Furthermore, it is also possible to check the impact of the MRC cytochrome pathway blockage on AOX level as well as AOX inhibition in the absence of the blockage on animal functioning. Thus, H. exemplaris could be consider as a whole-animal model suitable to study AOX.
format	article
author	Daria Wojciechowska Milena Roszkowska Łukasz Kaczmarek Wiesława Jarmuszkiewicz Andonis Karachitos Hanna Kmita
author_facet	Daria Wojciechowska Milena Roszkowska Łukasz Kaczmarek Wiesława Jarmuszkiewicz Andonis Karachitos Hanna Kmita
author_sort	Daria Wojciechowska
title	The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
title_short	The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
title_full	The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
title_fullStr	The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
title_full_unstemmed	The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
title_sort	tardigrade hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e5cd6405e9bc40c4901021310440d4ff
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The tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris has the active mitochondrial alternative oxidase that could be studied at animal organismal level.

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