<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans known for its ability to cause a wide range of infections. One major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we introduce a method based...

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Autores principales:	Arzu Çolak, Mélanie A. C. Ikeh, Clarissa J. Nobile, Mehmet Z. Baykara
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	Candida albicans atomic force microscopy hyphal development Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e5d4fdc8aae549b19d96c1494f01c8b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e5d4fdc8aae549b19d96c1494f01c8b92021-11-15T15:31:13Z<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy10.1128/mSphere.00946-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/e5d4fdc8aae549b19d96c1494f01c8b92020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00946-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans known for its ability to cause a wide range of infections. One major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we introduce a method based on atomic force microscopy to investigate C. albicans hyphae in situ on silicone elastomer substrates, focusing on the effects of temperature and antifungal drugs. Hyphal growth rates differ significantly for measurements performed at different physiologically relevant temperatures. Furthermore, it is found that fluconazole is more effective than caspofungin in suppressing hyphal growth. We also investigate the effects of antifungal drugs on the mechanical properties of hyphal cells. An increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in adhesion force are observed in hyphal cells subjected to caspofungin treatment. Young’s moduli are not significantly affected following treatment with fluconazole; the adhesion force, however, increases. Overall, our results provide a direct means of observing the effects of environmental factors and antifungal drugs on C. albicans hyphal growth and mechanics with high spatial resolution. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens of humans. One important virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form elongated hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we show the effect of different physiologically relevant temperatures and common antifungal drugs on the growth and mechanical properties of C. albicans hyphae using atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that minor temperature fluctuations within the normal range can have profound effects on hyphal cell growth and that different antifungal drugs impact hyphal cell stiffness and adhesion in different ways.Arzu ÇolakMélanie A. C. IkehClarissa J. NobileMehmet Z. BaykaraAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCandida albicansatomic force microscopyhyphal developmentMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Candida albicans atomic force microscopy hyphal development Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Candida albicans atomic force microscopy hyphal development Microbiology QR1-502 Arzu Çolak Mélanie A. C. Ikeh Clarissa J. Nobile Mehmet Z. Baykara <italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy
description	ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans known for its ability to cause a wide range of infections. One major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we introduce a method based on atomic force microscopy to investigate C. albicans hyphae in situ on silicone elastomer substrates, focusing on the effects of temperature and antifungal drugs. Hyphal growth rates differ significantly for measurements performed at different physiologically relevant temperatures. Furthermore, it is found that fluconazole is more effective than caspofungin in suppressing hyphal growth. We also investigate the effects of antifungal drugs on the mechanical properties of hyphal cells. An increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in adhesion force are observed in hyphal cells subjected to caspofungin treatment. Young’s moduli are not significantly affected following treatment with fluconazole; the adhesion force, however, increases. Overall, our results provide a direct means of observing the effects of environmental factors and antifungal drugs on C. albicans hyphal growth and mechanics with high spatial resolution. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens of humans. One important virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form elongated hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we show the effect of different physiologically relevant temperatures and common antifungal drugs on the growth and mechanical properties of C. albicans hyphae using atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that minor temperature fluctuations within the normal range can have profound effects on hyphal cell growth and that different antifungal drugs impact hyphal cell stiffness and adhesion in different ways.
format	article
author	Arzu Çolak Mélanie A. C. Ikeh Clarissa J. Nobile Mehmet Z. Baykara
author_facet	Arzu Çolak Mélanie A. C. Ikeh Clarissa J. Nobile Mehmet Z. Baykara
author_sort	Arzu Çolak
title	<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy
title_short	<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy
title_full	<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy
title_fullStr	<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy
title_full_unstemmed	<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy
title_sort	<italic toggle="yes">in situ</italic> imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">candida albicans</named-content> hyphal growth via atomic force microscopy
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/e5d4fdc8aae549b19d96c1494f01c8b9
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<italic toggle="yes">In Situ</italic> Imaging of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Candida albicans</named-content> Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy

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