Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment

Abstract The factors controlling the relative abundances of Archaea and Bacteria in marine sediments are poorly understood. We determined depth distributions of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes by quantitative PCR at eight stations in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Bacterial outnumber archaeal genes 10–6...

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Autores principales:	Xihan Chen, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Yuki Morono, Fumio Inagaki, Bo Barker Jørgensen, Mark Alexander Lever
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e5d9ac6181824cd6848a5b64f9e79423
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e5d9ac6181824cd6848a5b64f9e794232021-12-02T11:51:03ZBioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment10.1038/s41598-017-02295-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e5d9ac6181824cd6848a5b64f9e794232017-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02295-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The factors controlling the relative abundances of Archaea and Bacteria in marine sediments are poorly understood. We determined depth distributions of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes by quantitative PCR at eight stations in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Bacterial outnumber archaeal genes 10–60-fold in uppermost sediments that are irrigated and mixed by macrofauna. This bioturbation is indicated by visual observations of sediment color and faunal tracks, by porewater profiles of dissolved inorganic carbon and sulfate, and by distributions of unsupported 210Pb and 137Cs. Below the depth of bioturbation, the relative abundances of archaeal genes increase, accounting for one third of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate zone, and half of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate-methane transition zone and methane zone. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a strong shift in bacterial and archaeal community structure from bioturbated sediments to underlying layers. Stable isotopic analyses on organic matter and porewater geochemical gradients suggest that macrofauna mediate bacterial dominance and affect microbial community structure in bioturbated sediment by introducing fresh organic matter and high-energy electron acceptors from overlying seawater. Below the zone of bioturbation, organic matter content and the presence of sulfate exert key influences on bacterial and archaeal abundances and overall microbial community structure.Xihan ChenThorbjørn Joest AndersenYuki MoronoFumio InagakiBo Barker JørgensenMark Alexander LeverNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xihan Chen Thorbjørn Joest Andersen Yuki Morono Fumio Inagaki Bo Barker Jørgensen Mark Alexander Lever Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment
description	Abstract The factors controlling the relative abundances of Archaea and Bacteria in marine sediments are poorly understood. We determined depth distributions of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes by quantitative PCR at eight stations in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Bacterial outnumber archaeal genes 10–60-fold in uppermost sediments that are irrigated and mixed by macrofauna. This bioturbation is indicated by visual observations of sediment color and faunal tracks, by porewater profiles of dissolved inorganic carbon and sulfate, and by distributions of unsupported 210Pb and 137Cs. Below the depth of bioturbation, the relative abundances of archaeal genes increase, accounting for one third of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate zone, and half of 16S rRNA genes in the sulfate-methane transition zone and methane zone. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a strong shift in bacterial and archaeal community structure from bioturbated sediments to underlying layers. Stable isotopic analyses on organic matter and porewater geochemical gradients suggest that macrofauna mediate bacterial dominance and affect microbial community structure in bioturbated sediment by introducing fresh organic matter and high-energy electron acceptors from overlying seawater. Below the zone of bioturbation, organic matter content and the presence of sulfate exert key influences on bacterial and archaeal abundances and overall microbial community structure.
format	article
author	Xihan Chen Thorbjørn Joest Andersen Yuki Morono Fumio Inagaki Bo Barker Jørgensen Mark Alexander Lever
author_facet	Xihan Chen Thorbjørn Joest Andersen Yuki Morono Fumio Inagaki Bo Barker Jørgensen Mark Alexander Lever
author_sort	Xihan Chen
title	Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment
title_short	Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment
title_full	Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment
title_fullStr	Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment
title_full_unstemmed	Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment
title_sort	bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of bacteria over archaea in near-surface sediment
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e5d9ac6181824cd6848a5b64f9e79423
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Bioturbation as a key driver behind the dominance of Bacteria over Archaea in near-surface sediment

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