Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: recent studies suggest an implication of immune mechanisms in atherosclerotic disease. In this paper, the interaction between inflammation, calcification, and atherosclerosis on the vessel walls of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:e5e77195a04c49d38b2ffed09642b3ff2021-11-25T18:18:09ZHistology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease10.3390/medicina571111561648-91441010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/article/e5e77195a04c49d38b2ffed09642b3ff2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/11/1156https://doaj.org/toc/1010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1648-9144<i>Background and Objectives</i>: recent studies suggest an implication of immune mechanisms in atherosclerotic disease. In this paper, the interaction between inflammation, calcification, and atherosclerosis on the vessel walls of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described and evaluated. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: patients with stage V CKD, either on pre-dialysis (group A) or on hemodialysis (HD) for at least 2 years (group B), in whom a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) was created, were included in the study. The control group included healthy volunteers who received radial artery surgery after an accident. The expressions of inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts, and vascular calcification regulators on the vascular wall were estimated, and, moreover, morphometric analysis was performed. <i>Results</i>: the expressions of CD68(+) cells, matrix carboxyglutamic acid proteins (MGPs), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), were significantly increased in CKD patients compared to the controls <i>p</i> = 0.02; <i>p</i> = 0.006; <i>p</i> = 0.01; and <i>p</i> = 0.006, respectively. In morphometric analysis, the I/M and L/I ratios had significant differences between CKD patients and the controls 0.3534 ± 0.20 vs. 0.1520 ± 0.865, <i>p</i> = 0.003, and 2.1709 ± 1.568 vs. 4.9958 ± 3.2975, <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively. The independent variables correlated with the degree of vascular calcification were the intensity of CD34(+), aSMA(+) cells, and OPG, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, and, with intima-media thickness (IMT), the severity of RANKL expression R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.0001. <i>Conclusion</i>: atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in CKD seem to be strongly regulated by an immunological and inflammatory activation on the vascular wall.Aikaterini LysitskaNikiforos GalanisIoannis SkandalosChristina NikolaidouSophia BrizaAsimina FylaktouGeorge LiouliosZoi MitsoglouDorothea PapadopoulouNikolaos AntoniadisAikaterini PapagianniMaria StangouMDPI AGarticleimmunologyinflammationcalcificationatherosclerosischronic kidney diseaseMedicine (General)R5-920ENMedicina, Vol 57, Iss 1156, p 1156 (2021) |
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| topic |
immunology inflammation calcification atherosclerosis chronic kidney disease Medicine (General) R5-920 |
| spellingShingle |
immunology inflammation calcification atherosclerosis chronic kidney disease Medicine (General) R5-920 Aikaterini Lysitska Nikiforos Galanis Ioannis Skandalos Christina Nikolaidou Sophia Briza Asimina Fylaktou George Lioulios Zoi Mitsoglou Dorothea Papadopoulou Nikolaos Antoniadis Aikaterini Papagianni Maria Stangou Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| description |
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: recent studies suggest an implication of immune mechanisms in atherosclerotic disease. In this paper, the interaction between inflammation, calcification, and atherosclerosis on the vessel walls of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described and evaluated. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: patients with stage V CKD, either on pre-dialysis (group A) or on hemodialysis (HD) for at least 2 years (group B), in whom a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) was created, were included in the study. The control group included healthy volunteers who received radial artery surgery after an accident. The expressions of inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts, and vascular calcification regulators on the vascular wall were estimated, and, moreover, morphometric analysis was performed. <i>Results</i>: the expressions of CD68(+) cells, matrix carboxyglutamic acid proteins (MGPs), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), were significantly increased in CKD patients compared to the controls <i>p</i> = 0.02; <i>p</i> = 0.006; <i>p</i> = 0.01; and <i>p</i> = 0.006, respectively. In morphometric analysis, the I/M and L/I ratios had significant differences between CKD patients and the controls 0.3534 ± 0.20 vs. 0.1520 ± 0.865, <i>p</i> = 0.003, and 2.1709 ± 1.568 vs. 4.9958 ± 3.2975, <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively. The independent variables correlated with the degree of vascular calcification were the intensity of CD34(+), aSMA(+) cells, and OPG, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, and, with intima-media thickness (IMT), the severity of RANKL expression R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.0001. <i>Conclusion</i>: atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in CKD seem to be strongly regulated by an immunological and inflammatory activation on the vascular wall. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Aikaterini Lysitska Nikiforos Galanis Ioannis Skandalos Christina Nikolaidou Sophia Briza Asimina Fylaktou George Lioulios Zoi Mitsoglou Dorothea Papadopoulou Nikolaos Antoniadis Aikaterini Papagianni Maria Stangou |
| author_facet |
Aikaterini Lysitska Nikiforos Galanis Ioannis Skandalos Christina Nikolaidou Sophia Briza Asimina Fylaktou George Lioulios Zoi Mitsoglou Dorothea Papadopoulou Nikolaos Antoniadis Aikaterini Papagianni Maria Stangou |
| author_sort |
Aikaterini Lysitska |
| title |
Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_short |
Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full |
Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_fullStr |
Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Radial Arteries Are Suggestive of an Interaction between Calcification and Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_sort |
histology and immunohistochemistry of radial arteries are suggestive of an interaction between calcification and early atherosclerotic lesions in chronic kidney disease |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/e5e77195a04c49d38b2ffed09642b3ff |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718411412514013184 |