<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne infection; chicken meat is its main source. C. jejuni is considered commensal in chickens based on experimental models unrepresentative of commercial production. Here we show that the paradigm of Campylobacter commensalism in...

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Autores principales:	Suzanne Humphrey, Gemma Chaloner, Kirsty Kemmett, Nicola Davidson, Nicola Williams, Anja Kipar, Tom Humphrey, Paul Wigley
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e5fb09eedacd43b1b5df17f756a5e958
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e5fb09eedacd43b1b5df17f756a5e9582021-11-15T15:47:21Z<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare10.1128/mBio.01364-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e5fb09eedacd43b1b5df17f756a5e9582014-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01364-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne infection; chicken meat is its main source. C. jejuni is considered commensal in chickens based on experimental models unrepresentative of commercial production. Here we show that the paradigm of Campylobacter commensalism in the chicken is flawed. Through experimental infection of four commercial breeds of broiler chickens, we show that breed has a significant effect on C. jejuni infection and the immune response of the animals, although these factors have limited impact on the number of bacteria in chicken ceca. All breeds mounted an innate immune response. In some breeds, this response declined when interleukin-10 was expressed, consistent with regulation of the intestinal inflammatory response, and these birds remained healthy. In another breed, there was a prolonged inflammatory response, evidence of damage to gut mucosa, and diarrhea. We show that bird type has a major impact on infection biology of C. jejuni. In some breeds, infection leads to disease, and the bacterium cannot be considered a harmless commensal. These findings have implications for the welfare of chickens in commercial production where C. jejuni infection is a persistent problem. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of food-borne bacterial diarrheal disease in the developed world. Chicken is the most common source of infection. C. jejuni infection of chickens had previously not been considered to cause disease, and it was thought that C. jejuni was part of the normal microbiota of birds. In this work, we show that modern rapidly growing chicken breeds used in intensive production systems have a strong inflammatory response to C. jejuni infection that can lead to diarrhea, which, in turn, leads to damage to the feet and legs on the birds due to standing on wet litter. The response and level of disease varied between breeds and is related to regulation of the inflammatory immune response. These findings challenge the paradigm that C. jejuni is a harmless commensal of chickens and that C. jejuni infection may have substantial impact on animal health and welfare in intensive poultry production.Suzanne HumphreyGemma ChalonerKirsty KemmettNicola DavidsonNicola WilliamsAnja KiparTom HumphreyPaul WigleyAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Suzanne Humphrey Gemma Chaloner Kirsty Kemmett Nicola Davidson Nicola Williams Anja Kipar Tom Humphrey Paul Wigley <named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare
description	ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne infection; chicken meat is its main source. C. jejuni is considered commensal in chickens based on experimental models unrepresentative of commercial production. Here we show that the paradigm of Campylobacter commensalism in the chicken is flawed. Through experimental infection of four commercial breeds of broiler chickens, we show that breed has a significant effect on C. jejuni infection and the immune response of the animals, although these factors have limited impact on the number of bacteria in chicken ceca. All breeds mounted an innate immune response. In some breeds, this response declined when interleukin-10 was expressed, consistent with regulation of the intestinal inflammatory response, and these birds remained healthy. In another breed, there was a prolonged inflammatory response, evidence of damage to gut mucosa, and diarrhea. We show that bird type has a major impact on infection biology of C. jejuni. In some breeds, infection leads to disease, and the bacterium cannot be considered a harmless commensal. These findings have implications for the welfare of chickens in commercial production where C. jejuni infection is a persistent problem. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of food-borne bacterial diarrheal disease in the developed world. Chicken is the most common source of infection. C. jejuni infection of chickens had previously not been considered to cause disease, and it was thought that C. jejuni was part of the normal microbiota of birds. In this work, we show that modern rapidly growing chicken breeds used in intensive production systems have a strong inflammatory response to C. jejuni infection that can lead to diarrhea, which, in turn, leads to damage to the feet and legs on the birds due to standing on wet litter. The response and level of disease varied between breeds and is related to regulation of the inflammatory immune response. These findings challenge the paradigm that C. jejuni is a harmless commensal of chickens and that C. jejuni infection may have substantial impact on animal health and welfare in intensive poultry production.
format	article
author	Suzanne Humphrey Gemma Chaloner Kirsty Kemmett Nicola Davidson Nicola Williams Anja Kipar Tom Humphrey Paul Wigley
author_facet	Suzanne Humphrey Gemma Chaloner Kirsty Kemmett Nicola Davidson Nicola Williams Anja Kipar Tom Humphrey Paul Wigley
author_sort	Suzanne Humphrey
title	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare
title_short	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare
title_full	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare
title_fullStr	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare
title_full_unstemmed	<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare
title_sort	<named-content content-type="genus-species">campylobacter jejuni</named-content> is not merely a commensal in commercial broiler chickens and affects bird welfare
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e5fb09eedacd43b1b5df17f756a5e958
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<named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</named-content> Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare

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