Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering

Rabab Kamel,1 Nahla A El-Wakil,2 Nermeen A Elkasabgy3 1Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 2Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, C...

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Autores principales:	Kamel R, El-Wakil NA, Elkasabgy NA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	nanofibrillated cellulose raloxifene hydrochloride calcium phosphate in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds bone regeneration Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e60658607cba44e68c9fbe17959f39ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e60658607cba44e68c9fbe17959f39ba2021-12-02T17:19:54ZCalcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/e60658607cba44e68c9fbe17959f39ba2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/calcium-enriched-nanofibrillated-cellulosepoloxamer-in-situ-forming-hy-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Rabab Kamel,1 Nahla A El-Wakil,2 Nermeen A Elkasabgy3 1Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 2Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, EgyptCorrespondence: Nermeen A ElkasabgyFaculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, EgyptTel +20 1141404144Email nermeen.ahmed.elkasabgy@pharma.cu.edu.eg; nermeenadelahmed@outlook.comPurpose: TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (TONFC) originating from an agricultural waste (sugar cane) was utilized to prepare injectable in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds (IHS) for regenerative medicine.Methods: TONFC was prepared and characterized for its morphology and chemical structure using TEM and FT-IR, respectively. The cold method was applied to prepare hydrogels. Various concentrations of poloxamer 407 were added to the prepared TONFC (0.5%w/w). Different sources of calcium, Fujicalin® (DCP) or hydroxyapatite (TCP), were used to formulate the aimed calcium-enriched raloxifene hydrochloride-loaded IHS. Gelation temperature, drug content, injectability and in-vitro drug release were evaluated along with the morphological characters. Cytocompatibility studies and tissue regeneration properties were assessed on Saos-2 cells.Results: TEM photograph of TONFC showed fibrous nanostructure. The selected formulation “Ca-IHS4” composed of TONFC+15% P407+10% TCP showed the most prolonged release pattern for 12 days with the least burst effect (about 25% within 24 h). SEM micro-photographs of the in-situ formed scaffolds showed a highly porous 3D structure. Cytocompatibility studies of formulation “Ca-IHS4” revealed the biocompatibility as well as improved cell adhesion, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and calcium ion deposition.Conclusion: The outcomes suggest that Ca-IHS4 presents a simple, safe-line and non-invasive strategy for bone regeneration.Keywords: nanofibrillated cellulose, raloxifene hydrochloride, calcium phosphate, in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds, bone regenerationKamel REl-Wakil NAElkasabgy NADove Medical Pressarticlenanofibrillated celluloseraloxifene hydrochloridecalcium phosphatein-situ forming hydrogel scaffoldsbone regenerationMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 16, Pp 6807-6824 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nanofibrillated cellulose raloxifene hydrochloride calcium phosphate in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds bone regeneration Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	nanofibrillated cellulose raloxifene hydrochloride calcium phosphate in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds bone regeneration Medicine (General) R5-920 Kamel R El-Wakil NA Elkasabgy NA Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering
description	Rabab Kamel,1 Nahla A El-Wakil,2 Nermeen A Elkasabgy3 1Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 2Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, EgyptCorrespondence: Nermeen A ElkasabgyFaculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, EgyptTel +20 1141404144Email nermeen.ahmed.elkasabgy@pharma.cu.edu.eg; nermeenadelahmed@outlook.comPurpose: TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (TONFC) originating from an agricultural waste (sugar cane) was utilized to prepare injectable in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds (IHS) for regenerative medicine.Methods: TONFC was prepared and characterized for its morphology and chemical structure using TEM and FT-IR, respectively. The cold method was applied to prepare hydrogels. Various concentrations of poloxamer 407 were added to the prepared TONFC (0.5%w/w). Different sources of calcium, Fujicalin® (DCP) or hydroxyapatite (TCP), were used to formulate the aimed calcium-enriched raloxifene hydrochloride-loaded IHS. Gelation temperature, drug content, injectability and in-vitro drug release were evaluated along with the morphological characters. Cytocompatibility studies and tissue regeneration properties were assessed on Saos-2 cells.Results: TEM photograph of TONFC showed fibrous nanostructure. The selected formulation “Ca-IHS4” composed of TONFC+15% P407+10% TCP showed the most prolonged release pattern for 12 days with the least burst effect (about 25% within 24 h). SEM micro-photographs of the in-situ formed scaffolds showed a highly porous 3D structure. Cytocompatibility studies of formulation “Ca-IHS4” revealed the biocompatibility as well as improved cell adhesion, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and calcium ion deposition.Conclusion: The outcomes suggest that Ca-IHS4 presents a simple, safe-line and non-invasive strategy for bone regeneration.Keywords: nanofibrillated cellulose, raloxifene hydrochloride, calcium phosphate, in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds, bone regeneration
format	article
author	Kamel R El-Wakil NA Elkasabgy NA
author_facet	Kamel R El-Wakil NA Elkasabgy NA
author_sort	Kamel R
title	Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering
title_short	Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering
title_full	Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering
title_fullStr	Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering
title_sort	calcium-enriched nanofibrillated cellulose/poloxamer in-situ forming hydrogel scaffolds as a controlled delivery system of raloxifene hcl for bone engineering
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e60658607cba44e68c9fbe17959f39ba
work_keys_str_mv	AT kamelr calciumenrichednanofibrillatedcellulosepoloxamerinsituforminghydrogelscaffoldsasacontrolleddeliverysystemofraloxifenehclforboneengineering AT elwakilna calciumenrichednanofibrillatedcellulosepoloxamerinsituforminghydrogelscaffoldsasacontrolleddeliverysystemofraloxifenehclforboneengineering AT elkasabgyna calciumenrichednanofibrillatedcellulosepoloxamerinsituforminghydrogelscaffoldsasacontrolleddeliverysystemofraloxifenehclforboneengineering
_version_	1718381056548143104

Calcium-Enriched Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Poloxamer in-situ Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds as a Controlled Delivery System of Raloxifene HCl for Bone Engineering

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