Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.

Much controversy exists among riders, and in particular among those practicing dressage, regarding what can be considered an "appropriate" Head-Neck-Position (HNP). The objective was to assess the prevalence of different HNPs in the field, the behavioural reactions of horses during warm-up...

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Autores principales:	Kathrin Kienapfel, Yvonne Link, Uta König V Borstel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e610f404d5cd4851b00a6a0b77bcdf71
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e610f404d5cd4851b00a6a0b77bcdf712021-11-25T06:06:12ZPrevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0103140https://doaj.org/article/e610f404d5cd4851b00a6a0b77bcdf712014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25090242/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Much controversy exists among riders, and in particular among those practicing dressage, regarding what can be considered an "appropriate" Head-Neck-Position (HNP). The objective was to assess the prevalence of different HNPs in the field, the behavioural reactions of horses during warm-up and competition rides in relation to HNP and the relation between HNP and marks achieved in the competition. Horses (n = 171) were selected during dressage competitions according to their HNP (3 categories based on the degree of flexion), and their behaviour was recorded during 3 minutes each of riding in the warm-up area and in the competition. Scans were carried out on an additional 355 horses every 15 minutes to determine the proportion of each HNP in the warm-up area. Sixty-nine percent of the 355 horses were ridden with their nasal planes behind the vertical in the warm-up area, 19% were ridden at or behind the vertical and only 12% were ridden with their nasal plane in front of the vertical. Horses carrying their nasal plane behind the vertical exhibited significantly (P<0.0001) more conflict behaviours than horses with their nose held in front of the vertical. Horses were commonly presented with a less flexed HNP during competition compared to warm-up (P<0.05). A HNP behind the vertical was penalised with lower marks in the lower (P = 0.0434) but not in the higher (P = 0.9629) competition levels. Horses in higher classes showed more (P = 0.0015) conflict behaviour than those in lower classes. In conclusion, dressage horses are commonly ridden during warm-up for competitions with their nasal plane behind the vertical, and this posture seems to cause significantly more conflict behaviour than HNPs in front of the vertical.Kathrin KienapfelYvonne LinkUta König V BorstelPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e103140 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Kathrin Kienapfel Yvonne Link Uta König V Borstel Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
description	Much controversy exists among riders, and in particular among those practicing dressage, regarding what can be considered an "appropriate" Head-Neck-Position (HNP). The objective was to assess the prevalence of different HNPs in the field, the behavioural reactions of horses during warm-up and competition rides in relation to HNP and the relation between HNP and marks achieved in the competition. Horses (n = 171) were selected during dressage competitions according to their HNP (3 categories based on the degree of flexion), and their behaviour was recorded during 3 minutes each of riding in the warm-up area and in the competition. Scans were carried out on an additional 355 horses every 15 minutes to determine the proportion of each HNP in the warm-up area. Sixty-nine percent of the 355 horses were ridden with their nasal planes behind the vertical in the warm-up area, 19% were ridden at or behind the vertical and only 12% were ridden with their nasal plane in front of the vertical. Horses carrying their nasal plane behind the vertical exhibited significantly (P<0.0001) more conflict behaviours than horses with their nose held in front of the vertical. Horses were commonly presented with a less flexed HNP during competition compared to warm-up (P<0.05). A HNP behind the vertical was penalised with lower marks in the lower (P = 0.0434) but not in the higher (P = 0.9629) competition levels. Horses in higher classes showed more (P = 0.0015) conflict behaviour than those in lower classes. In conclusion, dressage horses are commonly ridden during warm-up for competitions with their nasal plane behind the vertical, and this posture seems to cause significantly more conflict behaviour than HNPs in front of the vertical.
format	article
author	Kathrin Kienapfel Yvonne Link Uta König V Borstel
author_facet	Kathrin Kienapfel Yvonne Link Uta König V Borstel
author_sort	Kathrin Kienapfel
title	Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
title_short	Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
title_full	Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
title_fullStr	Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
title_sort	prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e610f404d5cd4851b00a6a0b77bcdf71
work_keys_str_mv	AT kathrinkienapfel prevalenceofdifferentheadneckpositionsinhorsesshownatdressagecompetitionsandtheirrelationtoconflictbehaviourandperformancemarks AT yvonnelink prevalenceofdifferentheadneckpositionsinhorsesshownatdressagecompetitionsandtheirrelationtoconflictbehaviourandperformancemarks AT utakonigvborstel prevalenceofdifferentheadneckpositionsinhorsesshownatdressagecompetitionsandtheirrelationtoconflictbehaviourandperformancemarks
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Prevalence of different head-neck positions in horses shown at dressage competitions and their relation to conflict behaviour and performance marks.

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