A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.

Reports of rapid growth in nature-based tourism and recreation add significant weight to the economic case for biodiversity conservation but seem to contradict widely voiced concerns that people are becoming increasingly isolated from nature. This apparent paradox has been highlighted by a recent st...

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Autores principales:	Andrew Balmford, James Beresford, Jonathan Green, Robin Naidoo, Matt Walpole, Andrea Manica
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e61e4f3bc03446e9832ba649bc6dadf6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e61e4f3bc03446e9832ba649bc6dadf62021-11-25T05:34:07ZA global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1000144https://doaj.org/article/e61e4f3bc03446e9832ba649bc6dadf62009-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19564896/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Reports of rapid growth in nature-based tourism and recreation add significant weight to the economic case for biodiversity conservation but seem to contradict widely voiced concerns that people are becoming increasingly isolated from nature. This apparent paradox has been highlighted by a recent study showing that on a per capita basis, visits to natural areas in the United States and Japan have declined over the last two decades. These results have been cited as evidence of "a fundamental and pervasive shift away from nature-based recreation"-but how widespread is this phenomenon? We address this question by looking at temporal trends in visitor numbers at 280 protected areas (PAs) from 20 countries. This more geographically representative dataset shows that while PA visitation (whether measured as total or per capita visit numbers) is indeed declining in the United States and Japan, it is generally increasing elsewhere. Total visit numbers are growing in 15 of the 20 countries for which we could get data, with the median national rate of change unrelated to the national rate of population growth but negatively associated with wealth. Reasons for this reversal of growth in the richest countries are difficult to pin down with existing data, but the pattern is mirrored by trends in international tourist arrivals as a whole and so may not necessarily be caused by disaffection with nature. Irrespective of the explanation, it is clear that despite important downturns in some countries, nature-related tourism is far from declining everywhere, and may still have considerable potential both to generate funds for conservation and to shape people's attitudes to the environment.Andrew BalmfordJames BeresfordJonathan GreenRobin NaidooMatt WalpoleAndrea ManicaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 7, Iss 6, p e1000144 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Andrew Balmford James Beresford Jonathan Green Robin Naidoo Matt Walpole Andrea Manica A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
description	Reports of rapid growth in nature-based tourism and recreation add significant weight to the economic case for biodiversity conservation but seem to contradict widely voiced concerns that people are becoming increasingly isolated from nature. This apparent paradox has been highlighted by a recent study showing that on a per capita basis, visits to natural areas in the United States and Japan have declined over the last two decades. These results have been cited as evidence of "a fundamental and pervasive shift away from nature-based recreation"-but how widespread is this phenomenon? We address this question by looking at temporal trends in visitor numbers at 280 protected areas (PAs) from 20 countries. This more geographically representative dataset shows that while PA visitation (whether measured as total or per capita visit numbers) is indeed declining in the United States and Japan, it is generally increasing elsewhere. Total visit numbers are growing in 15 of the 20 countries for which we could get data, with the median national rate of change unrelated to the national rate of population growth but negatively associated with wealth. Reasons for this reversal of growth in the richest countries are difficult to pin down with existing data, but the pattern is mirrored by trends in international tourist arrivals as a whole and so may not necessarily be caused by disaffection with nature. Irrespective of the explanation, it is clear that despite important downturns in some countries, nature-related tourism is far from declining everywhere, and may still have considerable potential both to generate funds for conservation and to shape people's attitudes to the environment.
format	article
author	Andrew Balmford James Beresford Jonathan Green Robin Naidoo Matt Walpole Andrea Manica
author_facet	Andrew Balmford James Beresford Jonathan Green Robin Naidoo Matt Walpole Andrea Manica
author_sort	Andrew Balmford
title	A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
title_short	A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
title_full	A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
title_fullStr	A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
title_full_unstemmed	A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
title_sort	global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/e61e4f3bc03446e9832ba649bc6dadf6
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A global perspective on trends in nature-based tourism.

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