The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH

ABSTRACT Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus involves the formation of an extracellular matrix, but the composition of this matrix has been uncertain. Here we report that the matrix is largely composed of cytoplasmic proteins that reversibly associate with the cell surface in a manner that de...

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Autores principales:	Lucy Foulston, Alexander K. W. Elsholz, Alicia S. DeFrancesco, Richard Losick
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e6504018f935407f9946a333c44b84b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e6504018f935407f9946a333c44b84b92021-11-15T15:45:54ZThe Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH10.1128/mBio.01667-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e6504018f935407f9946a333c44b84b92014-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01667-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus involves the formation of an extracellular matrix, but the composition of this matrix has been uncertain. Here we report that the matrix is largely composed of cytoplasmic proteins that reversibly associate with the cell surface in a manner that depends on pH. We propose a model for biofilm formation in which cytoplasmic proteins are released from cells in stationary phase. These proteins associate with the cell surface in response to decreasing pH during biofilm formation. Rather than utilizing a dedicated matrix protein, S. aureus appears to recycle cytoplasmic proteins that moonlight as components of the extracellular matrix. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of multiantibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections and is often found growing as a biofilm in catheters and chronic wounds. Biofilm formation is an important pathogenicity strategy that enhances resistance to antimicrobials, thereby limiting treatment options and ultimately contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Cells in a biofilm are held together by an extracellular matrix that consists in whole or in part of protein, but the nature of the proteins in the S. aureus matrix is not well understood. Here we postulate that S. aureus recycles proteins from the cytoplasm to form the extracellular matrix. This strategy, of cytoplasmic proteins moonlighting as matrix proteins, could allow enhanced flexibility and adaptability for S. aureus in forming biofilms under infection conditions and could promote the formation of mixed-species biofilms in chronic wounds.Lucy FoulstonAlexander K. W. ElsholzAlicia S. DeFrancescoRichard LosickAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 5 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Lucy Foulston Alexander K. W. Elsholz Alicia S. DeFrancesco Richard Losick The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH
description	ABSTRACT Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus involves the formation of an extracellular matrix, but the composition of this matrix has been uncertain. Here we report that the matrix is largely composed of cytoplasmic proteins that reversibly associate with the cell surface in a manner that depends on pH. We propose a model for biofilm formation in which cytoplasmic proteins are released from cells in stationary phase. These proteins associate with the cell surface in response to decreasing pH during biofilm formation. Rather than utilizing a dedicated matrix protein, S. aureus appears to recycle cytoplasmic proteins that moonlight as components of the extracellular matrix. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of multiantibiotic-resistant nosocomial infections and is often found growing as a biofilm in catheters and chronic wounds. Biofilm formation is an important pathogenicity strategy that enhances resistance to antimicrobials, thereby limiting treatment options and ultimately contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Cells in a biofilm are held together by an extracellular matrix that consists in whole or in part of protein, but the nature of the proteins in the S. aureus matrix is not well understood. Here we postulate that S. aureus recycles proteins from the cytoplasm to form the extracellular matrix. This strategy, of cytoplasmic proteins moonlighting as matrix proteins, could allow enhanced flexibility and adaptability for S. aureus in forming biofilms under infection conditions and could promote the formation of mixed-species biofilms in chronic wounds.
format	article
author	Lucy Foulston Alexander K. W. Elsholz Alicia S. DeFrancesco Richard Losick
author_facet	Lucy Foulston Alexander K. W. Elsholz Alicia S. DeFrancesco Richard Losick
author_sort	Lucy Foulston
title	The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH
title_short	The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH
title_full	The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH
title_fullStr	The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH
title_full_unstemmed	The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH
title_sort	extracellular matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">staphylococcus aureus</named-content> biofilms comprises cytoplasmic proteins that associate with the cell surface in response to decreasing ph
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e6504018f935407f9946a333c44b84b9
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The Extracellular Matrix of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content> Biofilms Comprises Cytoplasmic Proteins That Associate with the Cell Surface in Response to Decreasing pH

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