Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi

Individuals with asymptomatic infection due to Plasmodium vivax are posited to be important reservoirs of malaria transmission in endemic regions. Here we studied a cohort of P. vivax malaria patients in a suburban area in the Brazilian Amazon. Overall 1,120 individuals were screened for P. vivax in...

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Autores principales:	Gregório Guilherme Almeida, Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa, Maísa da Silva Araujo, Gabriela Ribeiro Gomes, Alex Fiorini Carvalho, Maria Marta Figueiredo, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Mauro Shugiro Tada, Jansen Fernandes Medeiros, Irene da Silva Soares, Luzia Helena Carvalho, Flora Satiko Kano, Marcia Caldas de Castro, Joseph Michael Vinetz, Douglas Taylor Golenbock, Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e6674ab2c90840d690c0afaa69e69a94
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e6674ab2c90840d690c0afaa69e69a942021-11-04T08:11:37ZAsymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi1935-27271935-2735https://doaj.org/article/e6674ab2c90840d690c0afaa69e69a942021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555776/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Individuals with asymptomatic infection due to Plasmodium vivax are posited to be important reservoirs of malaria transmission in endemic regions. Here we studied a cohort of P. vivax malaria patients in a suburban area in the Brazilian Amazon. Overall 1,120 individuals were screened for P. vivax infection and 108 (9.6%) had parasitemia detected by qPCR but not by microscopy. Asymptomatic individuals had higher levels of antibodies against P. vivax and similar hematological and biochemical parameters compared to uninfected controls. Blood from asymptomatic individuals with very low parasitemia transmitted P. vivax to the main local vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi. Lower mosquito infectivity rates were observed when blood from asymptomatic individuals was used in the membrane feeding assay. While blood from symptomatic patients infected 43.4% (199/458) of the mosquitoes, blood from asymptomatic infected 2.5% (43/1,719). However, several asymptomatic individuals maintained parasitemia for several weeks indicating their potential role as an infectious reservoir. These results suggest that asymptomatic individuals are an important source of malaria parasites and Science and Technology for Vaccines granted by Conselho Nacional de may contribute to the transmission of P. vivax in low-endemicity areas of malaria. Author summary Malaria still poses as one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. The advance of molecular diagnosis brought to light the existence of asymptomatic infections, which may represent most of the infections in some areas. Importantly, the role of asymptomatic carriers in the natural history of malaria is not completely understood. Herein we describe the general characteristics of asymptomatic individuals infected with Plasmodium vivax, and provide evidence of their potential as parasitic reservoirs, even when molecular methods fail to detect the infection. Our findings reinforce the need for better diagnostic tests and open a new window of complexity to be considered in control programs.Gregório Guilherme AlmeidaPedro Augusto Carvalho CostaMaísa da Silva AraujoGabriela Ribeiro GomesAlex Fiorini CarvalhoMaria Marta FigueiredoDhelio Batista PereiraMauro Shugiro TadaJansen Fernandes MedeirosIrene da Silva SoaresLuzia Helena CarvalhoFlora Satiko KanoMarcia Caldas de CastroJoseph Michael VinetzDouglas Taylor GolenbockLis Ribeiro do Valle AntonelliRicardo Tostes GazzinelliPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Gregório Guilherme Almeida Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa Maísa da Silva Araujo Gabriela Ribeiro Gomes Alex Fiorini Carvalho Maria Marta Figueiredo Dhelio Batista Pereira Mauro Shugiro Tada Jansen Fernandes Medeiros Irene da Silva Soares Luzia Helena Carvalho Flora Satiko Kano Marcia Caldas de Castro Joseph Michael Vinetz Douglas Taylor Golenbock Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi
description	Individuals with asymptomatic infection due to Plasmodium vivax are posited to be important reservoirs of malaria transmission in endemic regions. Here we studied a cohort of P. vivax malaria patients in a suburban area in the Brazilian Amazon. Overall 1,120 individuals were screened for P. vivax infection and 108 (9.6%) had parasitemia detected by qPCR but not by microscopy. Asymptomatic individuals had higher levels of antibodies against P. vivax and similar hematological and biochemical parameters compared to uninfected controls. Blood from asymptomatic individuals with very low parasitemia transmitted P. vivax to the main local vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi. Lower mosquito infectivity rates were observed when blood from asymptomatic individuals was used in the membrane feeding assay. While blood from symptomatic patients infected 43.4% (199/458) of the mosquitoes, blood from asymptomatic infected 2.5% (43/1,719). However, several asymptomatic individuals maintained parasitemia for several weeks indicating their potential role as an infectious reservoir. These results suggest that asymptomatic individuals are an important source of malaria parasites and Science and Technology for Vaccines granted by Conselho Nacional de may contribute to the transmission of P. vivax in low-endemicity areas of malaria. Author summary Malaria still poses as one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. The advance of molecular diagnosis brought to light the existence of asymptomatic infections, which may represent most of the infections in some areas. Importantly, the role of asymptomatic carriers in the natural history of malaria is not completely understood. Herein we describe the general characteristics of asymptomatic individuals infected with Plasmodium vivax, and provide evidence of their potential as parasitic reservoirs, even when molecular methods fail to detect the infection. Our findings reinforce the need for better diagnostic tests and open a new window of complexity to be considered in control programs.
format	article
author	Gregório Guilherme Almeida Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa Maísa da Silva Araujo Gabriela Ribeiro Gomes Alex Fiorini Carvalho Maria Marta Figueiredo Dhelio Batista Pereira Mauro Shugiro Tada Jansen Fernandes Medeiros Irene da Silva Soares Luzia Helena Carvalho Flora Satiko Kano Marcia Caldas de Castro Joseph Michael Vinetz Douglas Taylor Golenbock Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
author_facet	Gregório Guilherme Almeida Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa Maísa da Silva Araujo Gabriela Ribeiro Gomes Alex Fiorini Carvalho Maria Marta Figueiredo Dhelio Batista Pereira Mauro Shugiro Tada Jansen Fernandes Medeiros Irene da Silva Soares Luzia Helena Carvalho Flora Satiko Kano Marcia Caldas de Castro Joseph Michael Vinetz Douglas Taylor Golenbock Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
author_sort	Gregório Guilherme Almeida
title	Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi
title_short	Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi
title_full	Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi
title_fullStr	Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi
title_full_unstemmed	Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi
title_sort	asymptomatic plasmodium vivax malaria in the brazilian amazon: submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects nyssorhynchus darlingi
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e6674ab2c90840d690c0afaa69e69a94
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Asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: Submicroscopic parasitemic blood infects Nyssorhynchus darlingi

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