Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment

As the breeding of donkeys has increased due to different types of use, welfare evaluation importance increases. This equid’s welfare state has been described using body condition indicators and the geometric morphometrics method. However, the dorsal profile has not yet been assessed in donkeys. In...

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Autores principales:	Małgorzata Maśko, Małgorzata Wierzbicka, Łukasz Zdrojkowski, Tomasz Jasiński, Bartosz Pawliński, Małgorzata Domino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	equids posture shape landmarks comparison Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e66ff7b3a8794f72a1ec859ff549afb3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e66ff7b3a8794f72a1ec859ff549afb32021-11-25T16:15:08ZCharacteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment10.3390/ani111130952076-2615https://doaj.org/article/e66ff7b3a8794f72a1ec859ff549afb32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3095https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615As the breeding of donkeys has increased due to different types of use, welfare evaluation importance increases. This equid’s welfare state has been described using body condition indicators and the geometric morphometrics method. However, the dorsal profile has not yet been assessed in donkeys. In this study, the body condition score (BCS), fatty neck score (FNS), dental condition score (DCS), sex, and breed were used as criteria of dorsal profile deformations. Photographs of 40 donkeys were analyzed using geometric morphometrics. Within the entire set of dorsal profiles, the variance of the first three principal components (PCs) was PC1 = 37.41%, PC2 = 23.43%, and PC3 = 13.34%. The dorsal profiles displayed deformation as an effect of FNS and BCS on size (FNS <i>p</i> = 0.012; BCS <i>p</i> = 0.024) and shape (FNS <i>p</i> < 0.0001; BCS <i>p</i> < 0.0001), rather than as an effect of DCS (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), sex (<i>p</i> = 0.0264), and breed (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) only on shape. The highest distances among the categories (Mahalanobis distances: MD ≥ 13.26; Procrustes distances: PD ≥ 0.044) were noted for FNS. The lowest distances were noted between jennets and males (MD = 4.58; PD = 0.012) and between BCS 1 and BCS 2 (MD = 4.70; PD = 0.018). Donkeys’ body condition affects their dorsal profile and both FNS and BCS measurements should be considered when a donkey’s dorsal profile is investigated.Małgorzata MaśkoMałgorzata WierzbickaŁukasz ZdrojkowskiTomasz JasińskiBartosz PawlińskiMałgorzata DominoMDPI AGarticleequidspostureshapelandmarkscomparisonVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3095, p 3095 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	equids posture shape landmarks comparison Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	equids posture shape landmarks comparison Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Małgorzata Maśko Małgorzata Wierzbicka Łukasz Zdrojkowski Tomasz Jasiński Bartosz Pawliński Małgorzata Domino Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment
description	As the breeding of donkeys has increased due to different types of use, welfare evaluation importance increases. This equid’s welfare state has been described using body condition indicators and the geometric morphometrics method. However, the dorsal profile has not yet been assessed in donkeys. In this study, the body condition score (BCS), fatty neck score (FNS), dental condition score (DCS), sex, and breed were used as criteria of dorsal profile deformations. Photographs of 40 donkeys were analyzed using geometric morphometrics. Within the entire set of dorsal profiles, the variance of the first three principal components (PCs) was PC1 = 37.41%, PC2 = 23.43%, and PC3 = 13.34%. The dorsal profiles displayed deformation as an effect of FNS and BCS on size (FNS <i>p</i> = 0.012; BCS <i>p</i> = 0.024) and shape (FNS <i>p</i> < 0.0001; BCS <i>p</i> < 0.0001), rather than as an effect of DCS (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), sex (<i>p</i> = 0.0264), and breed (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) only on shape. The highest distances among the categories (Mahalanobis distances: MD ≥ 13.26; Procrustes distances: PD ≥ 0.044) were noted for FNS. The lowest distances were noted between jennets and males (MD = 4.58; PD = 0.012) and between BCS 1 and BCS 2 (MD = 4.70; PD = 0.018). Donkeys’ body condition affects their dorsal profile and both FNS and BCS measurements should be considered when a donkey’s dorsal profile is investigated.
format	article
author	Małgorzata Maśko Małgorzata Wierzbicka Łukasz Zdrojkowski Tomasz Jasiński Bartosz Pawliński Małgorzata Domino
author_facet	Małgorzata Maśko Małgorzata Wierzbicka Łukasz Zdrojkowski Tomasz Jasiński Bartosz Pawliński Małgorzata Domino
author_sort	Małgorzata Maśko
title	Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment
title_short	Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment
title_full	Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment
title_fullStr	Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment
title_full_unstemmed	Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment
title_sort	characteristics of the donkey’s dorsal profile in relation to its functional body condition assessment
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e66ff7b3a8794f72a1ec859ff549afb3
work_keys_str_mv	AT małgorzatamasko characteristicsofthedonkeysdorsalprofileinrelationtoitsfunctionalbodyconditionassessment AT małgorzatawierzbicka characteristicsofthedonkeysdorsalprofileinrelationtoitsfunctionalbodyconditionassessment AT łukaszzdrojkowski characteristicsofthedonkeysdorsalprofileinrelationtoitsfunctionalbodyconditionassessment AT tomaszjasinski characteristicsofthedonkeysdorsalprofileinrelationtoitsfunctionalbodyconditionassessment AT bartoszpawlinski characteristicsofthedonkeysdorsalprofileinrelationtoitsfunctionalbodyconditionassessment AT małgorzatadomino characteristicsofthedonkeysdorsalprofileinrelationtoitsfunctionalbodyconditionassessment
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Characteristics of the Donkey’s Dorsal Profile in Relation to Its Functional Body Condition Assessment

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