A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls

Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy...

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Autores principales:	Jason G. van Genderen, Malon Van den Hof, Anne Marleen ter Haar, Charlotte Blokhuis, Vera C. Keil, Dasja Pajkrt, Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	HIV cerebral blood flow cognitive function Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e67c9706692a45d8a23bf6992395d51f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e67c9706692a45d8a23bf6992395d51f2021-11-25T19:13:06ZA Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls10.3390/v131121791999-4915https://doaj.org/article/e67c9706692a45d8a23bf6992395d51f2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2179https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy children CBF is associated with cognitive domains. To determine longitudinal changes in CBF and its impact on cognitive complications, we measured CBF—using arterial spin labeling—in 21 PHIV adolescents and 23 controls matched for age, sex and socio-economic status twice with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. We explored associations between CBF changes and WM micro- and macrostructural markers and cognitive domains using linear mixed models. The median age at follow-up was comparable between PHIV adolescents 17.4y (IQR:15.3–20.7) and controls 16.2y (IQR:15.6–19.1). At baseline, PHIV had higher CBF in the caudate nucleus and putamen. CBF development was comparable in gray matter (GM), WM and subcortical regions in both groups. In our cohort, we found that over time an increase of GM CBF was associated with an increase of visual motor function (<i>p</i> = 0.043) and executive function (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Increase of CBF in the caudate nucleus, putamen and thalamus was associated with an increase processing speed (<i>p</i> = 0.033; 0.036; 0.003 respectively) and visual motor function (<i>p</i> = 0.023; 0.045; 0.003 respectively). CBF development is relatively normal in PHIV adolescents on cART. CBF decline is associated with cognitive impairment, irrespective of HIV status.Jason G. van GenderenMalon Van den HofAnne Marleen ter HaarCharlotte BlokhuisVera C. KeilDasja PajkrtHenk J. M. M. MutsaertsMDPI AGarticleHIVcerebral blood flowcognitive functionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2179, p 2179 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV cerebral blood flow cognitive function Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	HIV cerebral blood flow cognitive function Microbiology QR1-502 Jason G. van Genderen Malon Van den Hof Anne Marleen ter Haar Charlotte Blokhuis Vera C. Keil Dasja Pajkrt Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
description	Despite effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), perinatally HIV infected (PHIV) adolescents still experience cognitive complications. We previously reported higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in basal ganglia and white matter (WM) in PHIV children compared to matched controls. In healthy children CBF is associated with cognitive domains. To determine longitudinal changes in CBF and its impact on cognitive complications, we measured CBF—using arterial spin labeling—in 21 PHIV adolescents and 23 controls matched for age, sex and socio-economic status twice with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. We explored associations between CBF changes and WM micro- and macrostructural markers and cognitive domains using linear mixed models. The median age at follow-up was comparable between PHIV adolescents 17.4y (IQR:15.3–20.7) and controls 16.2y (IQR:15.6–19.1). At baseline, PHIV had higher CBF in the caudate nucleus and putamen. CBF development was comparable in gray matter (GM), WM and subcortical regions in both groups. In our cohort, we found that over time an increase of GM CBF was associated with an increase of visual motor function (<i>p</i> = 0.043) and executive function (<i>p</i> = 0.045). Increase of CBF in the caudate nucleus, putamen and thalamus was associated with an increase processing speed (<i>p</i> = 0.033; 0.036; 0.003 respectively) and visual motor function (<i>p</i> = 0.023; 0.045; 0.003 respectively). CBF development is relatively normal in PHIV adolescents on cART. CBF decline is associated with cognitive impairment, irrespective of HIV status.
format	article
author	Jason G. van Genderen Malon Van den Hof Anne Marleen ter Haar Charlotte Blokhuis Vera C. Keil Dasja Pajkrt Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts
author_facet	Jason G. van Genderen Malon Van den Hof Anne Marleen ter Haar Charlotte Blokhuis Vera C. Keil Dasja Pajkrt Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts
author_sort	Jason G. van Genderen
title	A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_short	A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_full	A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_fullStr	A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_full_unstemmed	A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls
title_sort	longitudinal analysis of cerebral blood flow in perinatally hiv infected adolescents as compared to matched healthy controls
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e67c9706692a45d8a23bf6992395d51f
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A Longitudinal Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow in Perinatally HIV Infected Adolescents as Compared to Matched Healthy Controls

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