Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.

Disease is a major concern for the conservation of great apes, and one that is likely to become increasingly relevant as deforestation and the rise of ecotourism bring humans and apes into ever closer proximity. Consequently, it is imperative that preventative measures are explored to ensure that fu...

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Autores principales:	Charlotte Carne, Stuart Semple, Helen Morrogh-Bernard, Klaus Zuberbühler, Julia Lehmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e698971453f0491a9ad8de9bc51259f6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e698971453f0491a9ad8de9bc51259f62021-11-18T08:40:03ZPredicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0084642https://doaj.org/article/e698971453f0491a9ad8de9bc51259f62013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24386405/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Disease is a major concern for the conservation of great apes, and one that is likely to become increasingly relevant as deforestation and the rise of ecotourism bring humans and apes into ever closer proximity. Consequently, it is imperative that preventative measures are explored to ensure that future epidemics do not wipe out the remaining populations of these animals. In this paper, social network analysis was used to investigate vulnerability to disease in a population of wild orang-utans and a community of wild chimpanzees. Potential 'superspreaders' of disease--individuals with disproportionately central positions in the community or population--were identified, and the efficacy of vaccinating these individuals assessed using simulations. Three resident female orang-utans were identified as potential superspreaders, and females and unflanged males were predicted to be more influential in disease spread than flanged males. By contrast, no superspreaders were identified in the chimpanzee network, although males were significantly more central than females. In both species, simulating the vaccination of the most central individuals in the network caused a greater reduction in potential disease pathways than removing random individuals, but this effect was considerably more pronounced for orang-utans. This suggests that targeted vaccinations would have a greater impact on reducing disease spread among orang-utans than chimpanzees. Overall, these results have important implications for orang-utan and chimpanzee conservation and highlight the role that certain individuals may play in the spread of disease and its prevention by vaccination.Charlotte CarneStuart SempleHelen Morrogh-BernardKlaus ZuberbühlerJulia LehmannPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e84642 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Charlotte Carne Stuart Semple Helen Morrogh-Bernard Klaus Zuberbühler Julia Lehmann Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
description	Disease is a major concern for the conservation of great apes, and one that is likely to become increasingly relevant as deforestation and the rise of ecotourism bring humans and apes into ever closer proximity. Consequently, it is imperative that preventative measures are explored to ensure that future epidemics do not wipe out the remaining populations of these animals. In this paper, social network analysis was used to investigate vulnerability to disease in a population of wild orang-utans and a community of wild chimpanzees. Potential 'superspreaders' of disease--individuals with disproportionately central positions in the community or population--were identified, and the efficacy of vaccinating these individuals assessed using simulations. Three resident female orang-utans were identified as potential superspreaders, and females and unflanged males were predicted to be more influential in disease spread than flanged males. By contrast, no superspreaders were identified in the chimpanzee network, although males were significantly more central than females. In both species, simulating the vaccination of the most central individuals in the network caused a greater reduction in potential disease pathways than removing random individuals, but this effect was considerably more pronounced for orang-utans. This suggests that targeted vaccinations would have a greater impact on reducing disease spread among orang-utans than chimpanzees. Overall, these results have important implications for orang-utan and chimpanzee conservation and highlight the role that certain individuals may play in the spread of disease and its prevention by vaccination.
format	article
author	Charlotte Carne Stuart Semple Helen Morrogh-Bernard Klaus Zuberbühler Julia Lehmann
author_facet	Charlotte Carne Stuart Semple Helen Morrogh-Bernard Klaus Zuberbühler Julia Lehmann
author_sort	Charlotte Carne
title	Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
title_short	Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
title_full	Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
title_fullStr	Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
title_full_unstemmed	Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
title_sort	predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/e698971453f0491a9ad8de9bc51259f6
work_keys_str_mv	AT charlottecarne predictingthevulnerabilityofgreatapestodiseasetheroleofsuperspreadersandtheirpotentialvaccination AT stuartsemple predictingthevulnerabilityofgreatapestodiseasetheroleofsuperspreadersandtheirpotentialvaccination AT helenmorroghbernard predictingthevulnerabilityofgreatapestodiseasetheroleofsuperspreadersandtheirpotentialvaccination AT klauszuberbuhler predictingthevulnerabilityofgreatapestodiseasetheroleofsuperspreadersandtheirpotentialvaccination AT julialehmann predictingthevulnerabilityofgreatapestodiseasetheroleofsuperspreadersandtheirpotentialvaccination
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Predicting the vulnerability of great apes to disease: the role of superspreaders and their potential vaccination.

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