Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

Abstract Understanding how people who commit suicide perceive their cognitive states and emotions represents an important open scientific challenge. We build upon cognitive network science, psycholinguistics and semantic frame theory to introduce a network representation of suicidal ideation as expr...

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Autores principales:	Andreia Sofia Teixeira, Szymon Talaga, Trevor James Swanson, Massimo Stella
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e69c61b1f19845f8a4ddae2f8d6b2525
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e69c61b1f19845f8a4ddae2f8d6b25252021-12-02T17:17:40ZRevealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science10.1038/s41598-021-98147-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e69c61b1f19845f8a4ddae2f8d6b25252021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98147-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Understanding how people who commit suicide perceive their cognitive states and emotions represents an important open scientific challenge. We build upon cognitive network science, psycholinguistics and semantic frame theory to introduce a network representation of suicidal ideation as expressed in multiple suicide notes. By reconstructing the knowledge structure of such notes, we reveal interconnections between the ideas and emotional states of people who committed suicide through an analysis of emotional balance motivated by structural balance theory, semantic prominence and emotional profiling. Our results indicate that connections between positively- and negatively-valenced terms give rise to a degree of balance that is significantly higher than in a null model where the affective structure is randomized and in a linguistic baseline model capturing mind-wandering in absence of suicidal ideation. We show that suicide notes are affectively compartmentalized such that positive concepts tend to cluster together and dominate the overall network structure. Notably, this positive clustering diverges from perceptions of self, which are found to be dominated by negative, sad conceptual associations in analyses based on subject-verb-object relationships and emotional profiling. A key positive concept is “love”, which integrates information relating the self to others and is semantically prominent across suicide notes. The emotions constituting the semantic frame of “love” combine joy and trust with anticipation and sadness, which can be linked to psychological theories of meaning-making as well as narrative psychology. Our results open new ways for understanding the structure of genuine suicide notes and may be used to inform future research on suicide prevention.Andreia Sofia TeixeiraSzymon TalagaTrevor James SwansonMassimo StellaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andreia Sofia Teixeira Szymon Talaga Trevor James Swanson Massimo Stella Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
description	Abstract Understanding how people who commit suicide perceive their cognitive states and emotions represents an important open scientific challenge. We build upon cognitive network science, psycholinguistics and semantic frame theory to introduce a network representation of suicidal ideation as expressed in multiple suicide notes. By reconstructing the knowledge structure of such notes, we reveal interconnections between the ideas and emotional states of people who committed suicide through an analysis of emotional balance motivated by structural balance theory, semantic prominence and emotional profiling. Our results indicate that connections between positively- and negatively-valenced terms give rise to a degree of balance that is significantly higher than in a null model where the affective structure is randomized and in a linguistic baseline model capturing mind-wandering in absence of suicidal ideation. We show that suicide notes are affectively compartmentalized such that positive concepts tend to cluster together and dominate the overall network structure. Notably, this positive clustering diverges from perceptions of self, which are found to be dominated by negative, sad conceptual associations in analyses based on subject-verb-object relationships and emotional profiling. A key positive concept is “love”, which integrates information relating the self to others and is semantically prominent across suicide notes. The emotions constituting the semantic frame of “love” combine joy and trust with anticipation and sadness, which can be linked to psychological theories of meaning-making as well as narrative psychology. Our results open new ways for understanding the structure of genuine suicide notes and may be used to inform future research on suicide prevention.
format	article
author	Andreia Sofia Teixeira Szymon Talaga Trevor James Swanson Massimo Stella
author_facet	Andreia Sofia Teixeira Szymon Talaga Trevor James Swanson Massimo Stella
author_sort	Andreia Sofia Teixeira
title	Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
title_short	Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
title_full	Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
title_fullStr	Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
title_full_unstemmed	Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
title_sort	revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e69c61b1f19845f8a4ddae2f8d6b2525
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreiasofiateixeira revealingsemanticandemotionalstructureofsuicidenoteswithcognitivenetworkscience AT szymontalaga revealingsemanticandemotionalstructureofsuicidenoteswithcognitivenetworkscience AT trevorjamesswanson revealingsemanticandemotionalstructureofsuicidenoteswithcognitivenetworkscience AT massimostella revealingsemanticandemotionalstructureofsuicidenoteswithcognitivenetworkscience
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Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science

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