School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission

Abstract In areas where malaria remains entrenched, novel transmission-reducing interventions are essential for malaria elimination. We report the impact screening-and-treatment of asymptomatic Malawian schoolchildren (n = 364 in the rainy season and 341 in the dry season) had on gametocyte—the para...

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Autores principales:	Lauren M. Cohee, Clarissa Valim, Jenna E. Coalson, Andrew Nyambalo, Moses Chilombe, Andrew Ngwira, Andy Bauleni, Karl B. Seydel, Mark L. Wilson, Terrie E. Taylor, Don P. Mathanga, Miriam K. Laufer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e6b94c767ac14d5baedfaf7bdfe15ba4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e6b94c767ac14d5baedfaf7bdfe15ba42021-12-02T13:24:25ZSchool-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission10.1038/s41598-021-86450-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e6b94c767ac14d5baedfaf7bdfe15ba42021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86450-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In areas where malaria remains entrenched, novel transmission-reducing interventions are essential for malaria elimination. We report the impact screening-and-treatment of asymptomatic Malawian schoolchildren (n = 364 in the rainy season and 341 in the dry season) had on gametocyte—the parasite stage responsible for human-to-mosquito transmission—carriage. We used concomitant household-based surveys to predict the potential reduction in transmission in the surrounding community. Among 253 students with P. falciparum infections at screening, 179 (71%) had infections containing gametocytes detected by Pfs25 qRT-PCR. 84% of gametocyte-containing infections were detected by malaria rapid diagnostic test. While the gametocyte prevalence remained constant in untreated children, treatment with artemether-lumefantrine reduced the gametocyte prevalence (p < 0.0001) from 51.8 to 9.7% and geometric mean gametocyte density (p = 0.008) from 0.52 to 0.05 gametocytes/microliter. In community surveys, 46% of all gametocyte-containing infections were in school-age children, who comprised only 35% of the population. Based on these estimates six weeks after the intervention, the gametocyte burden in the community could be reduced by 25–55% depending on the season and the measure used to characterize gametocyte carriage. Thus, school-based interventions to treat asymptomatic infections may be a high-yield approach to not only improve the health of schoolchildren, but also decrease malaria transmission.Lauren M. CoheeClarissa ValimJenna E. CoalsonAndrew NyambaloMoses ChilombeAndrew NgwiraAndy BauleniKarl B. SeydelMark L. WilsonTerrie E. TaylorDon P. MathangaMiriam K. LauferNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lauren M. Cohee Clarissa Valim Jenna E. Coalson Andrew Nyambalo Moses Chilombe Andrew Ngwira Andy Bauleni Karl B. Seydel Mark L. Wilson Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission
description	Abstract In areas where malaria remains entrenched, novel transmission-reducing interventions are essential for malaria elimination. We report the impact screening-and-treatment of asymptomatic Malawian schoolchildren (n = 364 in the rainy season and 341 in the dry season) had on gametocyte—the parasite stage responsible for human-to-mosquito transmission—carriage. We used concomitant household-based surveys to predict the potential reduction in transmission in the surrounding community. Among 253 students with P. falciparum infections at screening, 179 (71%) had infections containing gametocytes detected by Pfs25 qRT-PCR. 84% of gametocyte-containing infections were detected by malaria rapid diagnostic test. While the gametocyte prevalence remained constant in untreated children, treatment with artemether-lumefantrine reduced the gametocyte prevalence (p < 0.0001) from 51.8 to 9.7% and geometric mean gametocyte density (p = 0.008) from 0.52 to 0.05 gametocytes/microliter. In community surveys, 46% of all gametocyte-containing infections were in school-age children, who comprised only 35% of the population. Based on these estimates six weeks after the intervention, the gametocyte burden in the community could be reduced by 25–55% depending on the season and the measure used to characterize gametocyte carriage. Thus, school-based interventions to treat asymptomatic infections may be a high-yield approach to not only improve the health of schoolchildren, but also decrease malaria transmission.
format	article
author	Lauren M. Cohee Clarissa Valim Jenna E. Coalson Andrew Nyambalo Moses Chilombe Andrew Ngwira Andy Bauleni Karl B. Seydel Mark L. Wilson Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer
author_facet	Lauren M. Cohee Clarissa Valim Jenna E. Coalson Andrew Nyambalo Moses Chilombe Andrew Ngwira Andy Bauleni Karl B. Seydel Mark L. Wilson Terrie E. Taylor Don P. Mathanga Miriam K. Laufer
author_sort	Lauren M. Cohee
title	School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission
title_short	School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission
title_full	School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission
title_fullStr	School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission
title_full_unstemmed	School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission
title_sort	school-based screening and treatment may reduce p. falciparum transmission
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e6b94c767ac14d5baedfaf7bdfe15ba4
work_keys_str_mv	AT laurenmcohee schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT clarissavalim schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT jennaecoalson schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT andrewnyambalo schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT moseschilombe schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT andrewngwira schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT andybauleni schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT karlbseydel schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT marklwilson schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT terrieetaylor schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT donpmathanga schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission AT miriamklaufer schoolbasedscreeningandtreatmentmayreducepfalciparumtransmission
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School-based screening and treatment may reduce P. falciparum transmission

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