Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests

Tree-related microhabitats (TreM) and deadwood are two forest attributes providing essential resources for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Old-growth forests are generally defined by a high abundance and diversity of TreM and deadwood, but little is known about TreM and deadwood dy...

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Autores principales:	Maxence Martin, Nicole J. Fenton, Hubert Morin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Natural forest Biodiversity conservation Biodiversity indicator Forest succession Forest dynamics TreM Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e6fd02d7aa1c4032a36eaf590da4b1bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e6fd02d7aa1c4032a36eaf590da4b1bb2021-12-01T04:53:53ZTree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107813https://doaj.org/article/e6fd02d7aa1c4032a36eaf590da4b1bb2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21004787https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XTree-related microhabitats (TreM) and deadwood are two forest attributes providing essential resources for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Old-growth forests are generally defined by a high abundance and diversity of TreM and deadwood, but little is known about TreM and deadwood dynamics once the old-growth stage is reached, in particular in the boreal biome. In this context, knowledge on TreM and deadwood dynamics in old-growth forest stands is necessary to better understand how these forests contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The aim of this study is thus to determine how TreM, and deadwood abundance and diversity vary within boreal old-growth forests. To reach this objective, we surveyed TreM and deadwood attributes, as well as structural and abiotic attributes, in 71 boreal old-growth forests situated in Quebec, Canada. We used hierarchical clustering analysis to identify TreM and deadwood abundance and diversity patterns in the studied stands. We identified five clusters of TreM and deadwood characteristics, which corresponded to three stages of old-growth forest succession: canopy break-up (beginning of the old-growth stage), transition old-growth stage (replacement of the first cohort by old-growth cohorts) and true old-growth stage (first cohort all or almost all gone). The peak in TreM richness and diversity was reached at the transition old-growth stage, whereas the peak for deadwood richness and diversity was reached at the true old-growth stage. Overall, true old-growth forests were defined by a combination of moderate to high TreM density and high deadwood volume, but these values significantly varied among stands depending on past secondary disturbances, stand structure and its composition (black spruce [Picea mariana Mill.] dominated vs mixed black spruce – balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]). These results therefore underscore the importance of considering old-growth forests as dynamic rather than static ecosystems, as the composition of tree- and deadwood-related microhabitats in the same old-growth stand may markedly change over time. At landscape scale, these results also imply that the mosaic of habitats present in old-growth forests can vary greatly from one location to another, highlighting the importance of maintaining a diversity of old-growth forest structure and composition.Maxence MartinNicole J. FentonHubert MorinElsevierarticleNatural forestBiodiversity conservationBiodiversity indicatorForest successionForest dynamicsTreMEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 128, Iss , Pp 107813- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Natural forest Biodiversity conservation Biodiversity indicator Forest succession Forest dynamics TreM Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Natural forest Biodiversity conservation Biodiversity indicator Forest succession Forest dynamics TreM Ecology QH540-549.5 Maxence Martin Nicole J. Fenton Hubert Morin Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
description	Tree-related microhabitats (TreM) and deadwood are two forest attributes providing essential resources for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Old-growth forests are generally defined by a high abundance and diversity of TreM and deadwood, but little is known about TreM and deadwood dynamics once the old-growth stage is reached, in particular in the boreal biome. In this context, knowledge on TreM and deadwood dynamics in old-growth forest stands is necessary to better understand how these forests contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The aim of this study is thus to determine how TreM, and deadwood abundance and diversity vary within boreal old-growth forests. To reach this objective, we surveyed TreM and deadwood attributes, as well as structural and abiotic attributes, in 71 boreal old-growth forests situated in Quebec, Canada. We used hierarchical clustering analysis to identify TreM and deadwood abundance and diversity patterns in the studied stands. We identified five clusters of TreM and deadwood characteristics, which corresponded to three stages of old-growth forest succession: canopy break-up (beginning of the old-growth stage), transition old-growth stage (replacement of the first cohort by old-growth cohorts) and true old-growth stage (first cohort all or almost all gone). The peak in TreM richness and diversity was reached at the transition old-growth stage, whereas the peak for deadwood richness and diversity was reached at the true old-growth stage. Overall, true old-growth forests were defined by a combination of moderate to high TreM density and high deadwood volume, but these values significantly varied among stands depending on past secondary disturbances, stand structure and its composition (black spruce [Picea mariana Mill.] dominated vs mixed black spruce – balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]). These results therefore underscore the importance of considering old-growth forests as dynamic rather than static ecosystems, as the composition of tree- and deadwood-related microhabitats in the same old-growth stand may markedly change over time. At landscape scale, these results also imply that the mosaic of habitats present in old-growth forests can vary greatly from one location to another, highlighting the importance of maintaining a diversity of old-growth forest structure and composition.
format	article
author	Maxence Martin Nicole J. Fenton Hubert Morin
author_facet	Maxence Martin Nicole J. Fenton Hubert Morin
author_sort	Maxence Martin
title	Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
title_short	Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
title_full	Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
title_fullStr	Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
title_full_unstemmed	Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
title_sort	tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e6fd02d7aa1c4032a36eaf590da4b1bb
work_keys_str_mv	AT maxencemartin treerelatedmicrohabitatsanddeadwooddynamicsformadiverseandconstantlychangingmosaicofhabitatsinborealoldgrowthforests AT nicolejfenton treerelatedmicrohabitatsanddeadwooddynamicsformadiverseandconstantlychangingmosaicofhabitatsinborealoldgrowthforests AT hubertmorin treerelatedmicrohabitatsanddeadwooddynamicsformadiverseandconstantlychangingmosaicofhabitatsinborealoldgrowthforests
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Tree-related microhabitats and deadwood dynamics form a diverse and constantly changing mosaic of habitats in boreal old-growth forests

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