Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.

The efficacy of action potential evoked neurotransmitter release varies widely even among synapses supplied by the same axon, and the number of release-ready vesicles at each synapse is a major determinant of this heterogeneity. Here we identify a second, equally important, mechanism for release het...

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Autores principales:	Yaroslav S Ermolyuk, Felicity G Alder, Christian Henneberger, Dmitri A Rusakov, Dimitri M Kullmann, Kirill E Volynski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e70fe9f217254b308ad98e93e29615e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e70fe9f217254b308ad98e93e29615e02021-11-18T05:37:25ZIndependent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001396https://doaj.org/article/e70fe9f217254b308ad98e93e29615e02012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23049481/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885The efficacy of action potential evoked neurotransmitter release varies widely even among synapses supplied by the same axon, and the number of release-ready vesicles at each synapse is a major determinant of this heterogeneity. Here we identify a second, equally important, mechanism for release heterogeneity at small hippocampal synapses, the inter-synaptic variation of the exocytosis probability of release-ready vesicles. Using concurrent measurements of vesicular pool sizes, vesicular exocytosis rates, and presynaptic Ca²⁺ dynamics, in the same small hippocampal boutons, we show that the average fusion probability of release-ready vesicles varies among synapses supplied by the same axon with the size of the spike-evoked Ca²⁺ concentration transient. We further show that synapses with a high vesicular release probability exhibit a lower Ca²⁺ cooperativity, arguing that this is a direct consequence of increased Ca²⁺ influx at the active zone. We conclude that variability of neurotransmitter release under basal conditions at small central synapses is accounted for not only by the number of release-ready vesicles, but also by their fusion probabilities, which are set independently of bouton size by variable spike-evoked presynaptic Ca²⁺ influx.Yaroslav S ErmolyukFelicity G AlderChristian HennebergerDmitri A RusakovDimitri M KullmannKirill E VolynskiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 10, Iss 9, p e1001396 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Yaroslav S Ermolyuk Felicity G Alder Christian Henneberger Dmitri A Rusakov Dimitri M Kullmann Kirill E Volynski Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
description	The efficacy of action potential evoked neurotransmitter release varies widely even among synapses supplied by the same axon, and the number of release-ready vesicles at each synapse is a major determinant of this heterogeneity. Here we identify a second, equally important, mechanism for release heterogeneity at small hippocampal synapses, the inter-synaptic variation of the exocytosis probability of release-ready vesicles. Using concurrent measurements of vesicular pool sizes, vesicular exocytosis rates, and presynaptic Ca²⁺ dynamics, in the same small hippocampal boutons, we show that the average fusion probability of release-ready vesicles varies among synapses supplied by the same axon with the size of the spike-evoked Ca²⁺ concentration transient. We further show that synapses with a high vesicular release probability exhibit a lower Ca²⁺ cooperativity, arguing that this is a direct consequence of increased Ca²⁺ influx at the active zone. We conclude that variability of neurotransmitter release under basal conditions at small central synapses is accounted for not only by the number of release-ready vesicles, but also by their fusion probabilities, which are set independently of bouton size by variable spike-evoked presynaptic Ca²⁺ influx.
format	article
author	Yaroslav S Ermolyuk Felicity G Alder Christian Henneberger Dmitri A Rusakov Dimitri M Kullmann Kirill E Volynski
author_facet	Yaroslav S Ermolyuk Felicity G Alder Christian Henneberger Dmitri A Rusakov Dimitri M Kullmann Kirill E Volynski
author_sort	Yaroslav S Ermolyuk
title	Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
title_short	Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
title_full	Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
title_fullStr	Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
title_full_unstemmed	Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
title_sort	independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/e70fe9f217254b308ad98e93e29615e0
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Independent regulation of basal neurotransmitter release efficacy by variable Ca²+ influx and bouton size at small central synapses.

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