Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.

Ecstasy is a drug that is usually consumed by young people at the weekends and frequently, in combination with cannabis. In the present study we have investigated the long-term effects of administering increasing doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC; 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; i.p.] from postnatal day...

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Autores principales:	Alvaro Llorente-Berzal, Emma Puighermanal, Aurelijus Burokas, Andrés Ozaita, Rafael Maldonado, Eva M Marco, Maria-Paz Viveros
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e71ae0e04d994ad0aac180a8587aaff3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e71ae0e04d994ad0aac180a8587aaff32021-11-18T08:48:33ZSex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0078386https://doaj.org/article/e71ae0e04d994ad0aac180a8587aaff32013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24223797/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Ecstasy is a drug that is usually consumed by young people at the weekends and frequently, in combination with cannabis. In the present study we have investigated the long-term effects of administering increasing doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC; 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; i.p.] from postnatal day (pnd) 28 to 45, alone and/or in conjunction with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA; two daily doses of 10 mg/kg every 5 days; s.c.] from pnd 30 to 45, in both male and female Wistar rats. When tested one day after the end of the pharmacological treatment (pnd 46), MDMA administration induced a reduction in directed exploration in the holeboard test and an increase in open-arm exploration in an elevated plus maze. In the long-term, cognitive functions in the novel object test were seen to be disrupted by THC administration to female but not male rats. In the prepulse inhibition test, MDMA-treated animals showed a decrease in prepulse inhibition at the most intense prepulse studied (80 dB), whereas in combination with THC it induced a similar decrease at 75 dB. THC decreased hippocampal Arc expression in both sexes, while in the frontal cortex this reduction was only evident in females. MDMA induced a reduction in ERK1/2 immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex of male but not female animals, and THC decreased prepro-orexin mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of males, although this effect was prevented when the animals also received MDMA. The results presented indicate that adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA induces long-term, sex-dependent psychophysiological alterations and they reveal functional interactions between the two drugs.Alvaro Llorente-BerzalEmma PuighermanalAurelijus BurokasAndrés OzaitaRafael MaldonadoEva M MarcoMaria-Paz ViverosPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e78386 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alvaro Llorente-Berzal Emma Puighermanal Aurelijus Burokas Andrés Ozaita Rafael Maldonado Eva M Marco Maria-Paz Viveros Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
description	Ecstasy is a drug that is usually consumed by young people at the weekends and frequently, in combination with cannabis. In the present study we have investigated the long-term effects of administering increasing doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC; 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; i.p.] from postnatal day (pnd) 28 to 45, alone and/or in conjunction with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA; two daily doses of 10 mg/kg every 5 days; s.c.] from pnd 30 to 45, in both male and female Wistar rats. When tested one day after the end of the pharmacological treatment (pnd 46), MDMA administration induced a reduction in directed exploration in the holeboard test and an increase in open-arm exploration in an elevated plus maze. In the long-term, cognitive functions in the novel object test were seen to be disrupted by THC administration to female but not male rats. In the prepulse inhibition test, MDMA-treated animals showed a decrease in prepulse inhibition at the most intense prepulse studied (80 dB), whereas in combination with THC it induced a similar decrease at 75 dB. THC decreased hippocampal Arc expression in both sexes, while in the frontal cortex this reduction was only evident in females. MDMA induced a reduction in ERK1/2 immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex of male but not female animals, and THC decreased prepro-orexin mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of males, although this effect was prevented when the animals also received MDMA. The results presented indicate that adolescent exposure to THC and/or MDMA induces long-term, sex-dependent psychophysiological alterations and they reveal functional interactions between the two drugs.
format	article
author	Alvaro Llorente-Berzal Emma Puighermanal Aurelijus Burokas Andrés Ozaita Rafael Maldonado Eva M Marco Maria-Paz Viveros
author_facet	Alvaro Llorente-Berzal Emma Puighermanal Aurelijus Burokas Andrés Ozaita Rafael Maldonado Eva M Marco Maria-Paz Viveros
author_sort	Alvaro Llorente-Berzal
title	Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
title_short	Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
title_full	Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
title_fullStr	Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
title_full_unstemmed	Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
title_sort	sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of thc and mdma in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/e71ae0e04d994ad0aac180a8587aaff3
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Sex-dependent psychoneuroendocrine effects of THC and MDMA in an animal model of adolescent drug consumption.

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