Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy

Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects, and it may be beneficial for the treatment of many ophthalmic diseases, such as cataract, uveitis, and glaucoma. Our previous work proved that ghrelin pretreatment reduced the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells induced by hydroge...

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Autores principales:	Jie Bai, Fan Yang, Ruiqi Wang, Qinghui Yan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Cytology QH573-671
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e71e233ef00b4a8c89c6cd6365b0827f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e71e233ef00b4a8c89c6cd6365b0827f2021-11-08T02:35:59ZGhrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy1942-099410.1155/2021/8043299https://doaj.org/article/e71e233ef00b4a8c89c6cd6365b0827f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8043299https://doaj.org/toc/1942-0994Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects, and it may be beneficial for the treatment of many ophthalmic diseases, such as cataract, uveitis, and glaucoma. Our previous work proved that ghrelin pretreatment reduced the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively maintained the transparency of lens tissue. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of ghrelin on retina. In this study, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of ghrelin on high-glucose- (HG-) induced ARPE-19 cell damage and diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in a normal or an HG (30 mM glucose) medium with or without ghrelin. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-3-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and apoptosis was detected by the Hoechst–PI staining assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels within cells were measured using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining, and the contents of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured using relevant detection kits. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and those of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured using Western blotting. The rat diabetes models were induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80 mg/kg). The morphological and histopathological changes in the retinal tissues were examined. The results indicated that ghrelin reduced ROS generation, inhibited cell apoptosis and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibited the apoptosis of retinal cells in diabetic rats, and protected the retina against HG-induced dysfunction. In conclusion, ghrelin may play a role in the treatment of ocular diseases involving diabetic retinopathy.Jie BaiFan YangRuiqi WangQinghui YanHindawi LimitedarticleCytologyQH573-671ENOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cytology QH573-671
spellingShingle	Cytology QH573-671 Jie Bai Fan Yang Ruiqi Wang Qinghui Yan Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy
description	Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects, and it may be beneficial for the treatment of many ophthalmic diseases, such as cataract, uveitis, and glaucoma. Our previous work proved that ghrelin pretreatment reduced the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively maintained the transparency of lens tissue. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of ghrelin on retina. In this study, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of ghrelin on high-glucose- (HG-) induced ARPE-19 cell damage and diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in a normal or an HG (30 mM glucose) medium with or without ghrelin. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-3-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and apoptosis was detected by the Hoechst–PI staining assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels within cells were measured using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining, and the contents of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured using relevant detection kits. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and those of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured using Western blotting. The rat diabetes models were induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80 mg/kg). The morphological and histopathological changes in the retinal tissues were examined. The results indicated that ghrelin reduced ROS generation, inhibited cell apoptosis and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibited the apoptosis of retinal cells in diabetic rats, and protected the retina against HG-induced dysfunction. In conclusion, ghrelin may play a role in the treatment of ocular diseases involving diabetic retinopathy.
format	article
author	Jie Bai Fan Yang Ruiqi Wang Qinghui Yan
author_facet	Jie Bai Fan Yang Ruiqi Wang Qinghui Yan
author_sort	Jie Bai
title	Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy
title_short	Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy
title_full	Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy
title_fullStr	Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy
title_full_unstemmed	Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy
title_sort	ghrelin ameliorates diabetic retinal injury: potential therapeutic avenues for diabetic retinopathy
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e71e233ef00b4a8c89c6cd6365b0827f
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiebai ghrelinamelioratesdiabeticretinalinjurypotentialtherapeuticavenuesfordiabeticretinopathy AT fanyang ghrelinamelioratesdiabeticretinalinjurypotentialtherapeuticavenuesfordiabeticretinopathy AT ruiqiwang ghrelinamelioratesdiabeticretinalinjurypotentialtherapeuticavenuesfordiabeticretinopathy AT qinghuiyan ghrelinamelioratesdiabeticretinalinjurypotentialtherapeuticavenuesfordiabeticretinopathy
_version_	1718443241469116416

Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy

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