Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene

Cheng Loong Ngan,1 Mahiran Basri,1,2 Fui Fang Lye,1 Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi,1 Minaketan Tripathy,3,4 Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban,1 Emilia Abdul-Malek1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 2Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; 3Laboratory of Fundamen...

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Autores principales:	Ngan CL, Basri M, Lye FF, Fard Masoumi HR, Tripathy M, Karjiban RA, Abdul-Malek E
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2014
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e7204925c56d44a2bdc3e1b91201c93e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e7204925c56d44a2bdc3e1b91201c93e2021-12-02T00:40:17ZComparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/e7204925c56d44a2bdc3e1b91201c93e2014-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/comparison-of-process-parameter-optimization-using-different-designs-i-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013 Cheng Loong Ngan,1 Mahiran Basri,1,2 Fui Fang Lye,1 Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi,1 Minaketan Tripathy,3,4 Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban,1 Emilia Abdul-Malek1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 2Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; 3Laboratory of Fundamentals of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia; 4Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract: This research aims to formulate and to optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing fullerene, an antioxidant, stabilized by a low amount of mixed surfactants using high shear and the ultrasonic emulsification method for transdermal delivery. Process parameters optimization of fullerene nanoemulsions was done by employing response surface methodology, which involved statistical multivariate analysis. Optimization of independent variables was investigated using experimental design based on Box–Behnken design and central composite rotatable design. An investigation on the effect of the homogenization rate (4,000–5,000 rpm), sonication amplitude (20%–60%), and sonication time (30–150 seconds) on the particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of the colloidal systems was conducted. Under the optimum conditions, the central composite rotatable design model suggested the response variables for particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of the fullerene nanoemulsion were 152.5 nm, –52.6 mV, and 44.6 pascal seconds, respectively. In contrast, the Box–Behnken design model proposed that preparation under the optimum condition would produce nanoemulsion with particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of 148.5 nm, –55.2 mV, and 39.9 pascal seconds, respectively. The suggested process parameters to obtain optimum formulation by both models yielded actual response values similar to the predicted values with residual standard error of <2%. The optimum formulation showed more elastic and solid-like characteristics due to the existence of a large linear viscoelastic region. Keywords: nanoemulsion, palm kernel oil ester, fullerene, central composite rotatable design, Box–Behnken design, response surface methodologyNgan CLBasri MLye FFFard Masoumi HRTripathy MKarjiban RAAbdul-Malek EDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2014, Iss Issue 1, Pp 4375-4386 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Ngan CL Basri M Lye FF Fard Masoumi HR Tripathy M Karjiban RA Abdul-Malek E Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
description	Cheng Loong Ngan,1 Mahiran Basri,1,2 Fui Fang Lye,1 Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi,1 Minaketan Tripathy,3,4 Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban,1 Emilia Abdul-Malek1 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 2Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; 3Laboratory of Fundamentals of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia; 4Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract: This research aims to formulate and to optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing fullerene, an antioxidant, stabilized by a low amount of mixed surfactants using high shear and the ultrasonic emulsification method for transdermal delivery. Process parameters optimization of fullerene nanoemulsions was done by employing response surface methodology, which involved statistical multivariate analysis. Optimization of independent variables was investigated using experimental design based on Box–Behnken design and central composite rotatable design. An investigation on the effect of the homogenization rate (4,000–5,000 rpm), sonication amplitude (20%–60%), and sonication time (30–150 seconds) on the particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of the colloidal systems was conducted. Under the optimum conditions, the central composite rotatable design model suggested the response variables for particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of the fullerene nanoemulsion were 152.5 nm, –52.6 mV, and 44.6 pascal seconds, respectively. In contrast, the Box–Behnken design model proposed that preparation under the optimum condition would produce nanoemulsion with particle size, ζ-potential, and viscosity of 148.5 nm, –55.2 mV, and 39.9 pascal seconds, respectively. The suggested process parameters to obtain optimum formulation by both models yielded actual response values similar to the predicted values with residual standard error of <2%. The optimum formulation showed more elastic and solid-like characteristics due to the existence of a large linear viscoelastic region. Keywords: nanoemulsion, palm kernel oil ester, fullerene, central composite rotatable design, Box–Behnken design, response surface methodology
format	article
author	Ngan CL Basri M Lye FF Fard Masoumi HR Tripathy M Karjiban RA Abdul-Malek E
author_facet	Ngan CL Basri M Lye FF Fard Masoumi HR Tripathy M Karjiban RA Abdul-Malek E
author_sort	Ngan CL
title	Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
title_short	Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
title_full	Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
title_fullStr	Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
title_sort	comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e7204925c56d44a2bdc3e1b91201c93e
work_keys_str_mv	AT ngancl comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene AT basrim comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene AT lyeff comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene AT fardmasoumihr comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene AT tripathym comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene AT karjibanra comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene AT abdulmaleke comparisonofprocessparameteroptimizationusingdifferentdesignsinnanoemulsionbasedformulationfortransdermaldeliveryoffullerene
_version_	1718403590103498752

Comparison of process parameter optimization using different designs in nanoemulsion-based formulation for transdermal delivery of fullerene

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