Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>

ABSTRACT The importance of livestock as a source of bacterial pathogens with the potential for epidemic spread in human populations is unclear. In recent years, there has been a global increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections of healthy humans...

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Autores principales:	Laura E. Spoor, Paul R. McAdam, Lucy A. Weinert, Andrew Rambaut, Henrik Hasman, Frank M. Aarestrup, Angela M. Kearns, Anders R. Larsen, Robert L. Skov, J. Ross Fitzgerald
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e7354c8f5aa84da9b2b11182630efc2c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e7354c8f5aa84da9b2b11182630efc2c2021-11-15T15:43:09ZLivestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>10.1128/mBio.00356-132150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e7354c8f5aa84da9b2b11182630efc2c2013-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00356-13https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The importance of livestock as a source of bacterial pathogens with the potential for epidemic spread in human populations is unclear. In recent years, there has been a global increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections of healthy humans, but an understanding of the different evolutionary origins of CA-MRSA clones and the basis for their recent expansion is lacking. Here, using a high-resolution phylogenetic approach, we report the discovery of two emergent clones of human epidemic CA-MRSA which resulted from independent livestock-to-human host jumps by the major bovine S. aureus complex, CC97. Of note, one of the new clones was isolated from human infections on four continents, demonstrating its global dissemination since the host jump occurred over 40 years ago. The emergence of both human S. aureus clones coincided with the independent acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance and human-specific mediators of immune evasion, consistent with an important role for these genetic events in the capacity to survive and transmit among human populations. In conclusion, we provide evidence that livestock represent a reservoir for the emergence of new human-pathogenic S. aureus clones with the capacity for pandemic spread. These findings have major public health implications highlighting the importance of surveillance for early identification of emergent clones and improved transmission control measures at the human-livestock interface. IMPORTANCE Animals are the major source of new pathogens affecting humans. However, the potential for pathogenic bacteria that originally were found in animals to switch hosts and become widely established in human populations is not clear. Here, we report the discovery of emergent clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that originated in livestock and switched to humans, followed by host-adaptive evolution and epidemic spread in global human populations. Our findings demonstrate that livestock can act as a reservoir for the emergence of new human bacterial clones with potential for pandemic spread, highlighting the potential role of surveillance and biosecurity measures in the agricultural setting for preventing the emergence of new human pathogens.Laura E. SpoorPaul R. McAdamLucy A. WeinertAndrew RambautHenrik HasmanFrank M. AarestrupAngela M. KearnsAnders R. LarsenRobert L. SkovJ. Ross FitzgeraldAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 4 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Laura E. Spoor Paul R. McAdam Lucy A. Weinert Andrew Rambaut Henrik Hasman Frank M. Aarestrup Angela M. Kearns Anders R. Larsen Robert L. Skov J. Ross Fitzgerald Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT The importance of livestock as a source of bacterial pathogens with the potential for epidemic spread in human populations is unclear. In recent years, there has been a global increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections of healthy humans, but an understanding of the different evolutionary origins of CA-MRSA clones and the basis for their recent expansion is lacking. Here, using a high-resolution phylogenetic approach, we report the discovery of two emergent clones of human epidemic CA-MRSA which resulted from independent livestock-to-human host jumps by the major bovine S. aureus complex, CC97. Of note, one of the new clones was isolated from human infections on four continents, demonstrating its global dissemination since the host jump occurred over 40 years ago. The emergence of both human S. aureus clones coincided with the independent acquisition of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance and human-specific mediators of immune evasion, consistent with an important role for these genetic events in the capacity to survive and transmit among human populations. In conclusion, we provide evidence that livestock represent a reservoir for the emergence of new human-pathogenic S. aureus clones with the capacity for pandemic spread. These findings have major public health implications highlighting the importance of surveillance for early identification of emergent clones and improved transmission control measures at the human-livestock interface. IMPORTANCE Animals are the major source of new pathogens affecting humans. However, the potential for pathogenic bacteria that originally were found in animals to switch hosts and become widely established in human populations is not clear. Here, we report the discovery of emergent clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that originated in livestock and switched to humans, followed by host-adaptive evolution and epidemic spread in global human populations. Our findings demonstrate that livestock can act as a reservoir for the emergence of new human bacterial clones with potential for pandemic spread, highlighting the potential role of surveillance and biosecurity measures in the agricultural setting for preventing the emergence of new human pathogens.
format	article
author	Laura E. Spoor Paul R. McAdam Lucy A. Weinert Andrew Rambaut Henrik Hasman Frank M. Aarestrup Angela M. Kearns Anders R. Larsen Robert L. Skov J. Ross Fitzgerald
author_facet	Laura E. Spoor Paul R. McAdam Lucy A. Weinert Andrew Rambaut Henrik Hasman Frank M. Aarestrup Angela M. Kearns Anders R. Larsen Robert L. Skov J. Ross Fitzgerald
author_sort	Laura E. Spoor
title	Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
title_short	Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
title_full	Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
title_fullStr	Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
title_sort	livestock origin for a human pandemic clone of community-associated methicillin-resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">staphylococcus aureus</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/e7354c8f5aa84da9b2b11182630efc2c
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Livestock Origin for a Human Pandemic Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <named-content content-type="genus-species">Staphylococcus aureus</named-content>

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