Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem

Using wastewater in agriculture is a desirable alternative source of irrigation and is gaining attraction worldwide. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of treated municipal wastewater (TWW) and groundwater (GW), along with half and full doses of the recommended NPK dose on the p...

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Autores principales:	Nasser Al-Suhaibani, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, Salah El-Hendawy, Kamel Abdella, Majed Alotaibi, Ali Alderfasi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	treated wastewater chemical fertilizer potential energy crops productivity gross energy trace elements Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e74756cf7aa14872a53e376609d3354f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e74756cf7aa14872a53e376609d3354f2021-11-25T16:08:45ZIntegrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem10.3390/agronomy111122502073-4395https://doaj.org/article/e74756cf7aa14872a53e376609d3354f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2250https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Using wastewater in agriculture is a desirable alternative source of irrigation and is gaining attraction worldwide. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of treated municipal wastewater (TWW) and groundwater (GW), along with half and full doses of the recommended NPK dose on the plant growth, total biomass, gross energy, and macro- and trace element content and uptake of safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.), canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.), and triticale (X <i>Triticosecale Wittmack</i>) grown in old and virgin soil as potential bioenergy crops. The results showed that crops planted in old or virgin soil irrigated with TWW had higher values of plant height, leaf area per plant, total chlorophyll content, total biomass, and gross and net energy contents compared to those irrigated with GW grown in virgin soil. Similarly, crops grown in old soil irrigated with TWW showed higher concentrations in dry matter and uptake for both macronutrients (N, P, and K) and trace elements (B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni) compared to those planted in virgin soil and irrigated with GW. Furthermore, the application of the recommended half dose of NPK in old and virgin soil irrigated with TWW showed occasionally comparable results to that of a full recommended dose of NPK for most of the measured parameters. Importantly, the recommended half dose applied to old soil irrigated with TWW resulted in a significant improvement in all measured parameters compared to virgin soil irrigated with GW, along with a full recommended dose of NPK. Briefly, TWW can be used to irrigate crops grown for bioenergy purposes, since it did not pose any harmful effect for energy crops. In addition, it provides additional nutrients to soil and thus decreases the required rate of synthetic fertilizer by up to 50% without any significant decreases in the final production of crops.Nasser Al-SuhaibaniMahmoud F. SeleimanSalah El-HendawyKamel AbdellaMajed AlotaibiAli AlderfasiMDPI AGarticletreated wastewaterchemical fertilizerpotential energy cropsproductivitygross energytrace elementsAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2250, p 2250 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	treated wastewater chemical fertilizer potential energy crops productivity gross energy trace elements Agriculture S
spellingShingle	treated wastewater chemical fertilizer potential energy crops productivity gross energy trace elements Agriculture S Nasser Al-Suhaibani Mahmoud F. Seleiman Salah El-Hendawy Kamel Abdella Majed Alotaibi Ali Alderfasi Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem
description	Using wastewater in agriculture is a desirable alternative source of irrigation and is gaining attraction worldwide. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of treated municipal wastewater (TWW) and groundwater (GW), along with half and full doses of the recommended NPK dose on the plant growth, total biomass, gross energy, and macro- and trace element content and uptake of safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.), canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.), and triticale (X <i>Triticosecale Wittmack</i>) grown in old and virgin soil as potential bioenergy crops. The results showed that crops planted in old or virgin soil irrigated with TWW had higher values of plant height, leaf area per plant, total chlorophyll content, total biomass, and gross and net energy contents compared to those irrigated with GW grown in virgin soil. Similarly, crops grown in old soil irrigated with TWW showed higher concentrations in dry matter and uptake for both macronutrients (N, P, and K) and trace elements (B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni) compared to those planted in virgin soil and irrigated with GW. Furthermore, the application of the recommended half dose of NPK in old and virgin soil irrigated with TWW showed occasionally comparable results to that of a full recommended dose of NPK for most of the measured parameters. Importantly, the recommended half dose applied to old soil irrigated with TWW resulted in a significant improvement in all measured parameters compared to virgin soil irrigated with GW, along with a full recommended dose of NPK. Briefly, TWW can be used to irrigate crops grown for bioenergy purposes, since it did not pose any harmful effect for energy crops. In addition, it provides additional nutrients to soil and thus decreases the required rate of synthetic fertilizer by up to 50% without any significant decreases in the final production of crops.
format	article
author	Nasser Al-Suhaibani Mahmoud F. Seleiman Salah El-Hendawy Kamel Abdella Majed Alotaibi Ali Alderfasi
author_facet	Nasser Al-Suhaibani Mahmoud F. Seleiman Salah El-Hendawy Kamel Abdella Majed Alotaibi Ali Alderfasi
author_sort	Nasser Al-Suhaibani
title	Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem
title_short	Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem
title_full	Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem
title_fullStr	Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem
title_full_unstemmed	Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem
title_sort	integrative effects of treated wastewater and synthetic fertilizers on productivity, energy characteristics, and elements uptake of potential energy crops in an arid agro-ecosystem
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e74756cf7aa14872a53e376609d3354f
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Integrative Effects of Treated Wastewater and Synthetic Fertilizers on Productivity, Energy Characteristics, and Elements Uptake of Potential Energy Crops in an Arid Agro-Ecosystem

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