Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review

Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physio...

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Autores principales:	EB Thorstad, CD Todd, I Uglem, PA Bjørn, PG Gargan, KW Vollset, E Halttunen, S Kålås, M Berg, B Finstad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Inter-Research 2015
Materias:	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e74e70af507b46df996b0276975a14a3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e74e70af507b46df996b0276975a14a32021-11-16T09:42:21ZEffects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review1869-215X1869-753410.3354/aei00142https://doaj.org/article/e74e70af507b46df996b0276975a14a32015-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v7/n2/p91-113/https://doaj.org/toc/1869-215Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1869-7534Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quantification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quantified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12-29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations.EB ThorstadCD ToddI UglemPA BjørnPG GarganKW VollsetE HalttunenS KålåsM BergB FinstadInter-ResearcharticleAquaculture. Fisheries. AnglingSH1-691EcologyQH540-549.5ENAquaculture Environment Interactions, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 91-113 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 EB Thorstad CD Todd I Uglem PA Bjørn PG Gargan KW Vollset E Halttunen S Kålås M Berg B Finstad Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
description	Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoregulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quantification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quantified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12-29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations.
format	article
author	EB Thorstad CD Todd I Uglem PA Bjørn PG Gargan KW Vollset E Halttunen S Kålås M Berg B Finstad
author_facet	EB Thorstad CD Todd I Uglem PA Bjørn PG Gargan KW Vollset E Halttunen S Kålås M Berg B Finstad
author_sort	EB Thorstad
title	Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
title_short	Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
title_full	Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
title_fullStr	Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review
title_sort	effects of salmon lice lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout salmo trutta—a literature review
publisher	Inter-Research
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/e74e70af507b46df996b0276975a14a3
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Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review

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