Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships

ABSTRACT The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of...

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Autores principales:	Welkin H. Pope, Travis N. Mavrich, Rebecca A. Garlena, Carlos A. Guerrero-Bustamante, Deborah Jacobs-Sera, Matthew T. Montgomery, Daniel A. Russell, Marcie H. Warner, Graham F. Hatfull
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Gordonia bacteriophage genetics bacteriophages Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e76b5255d6aa4fafb2b3fd4034903cdb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e76b5255d6aa4fafb2b3fd4034903cdb2021-11-15T15:51:42ZBacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships10.1128/mBio.01069-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/e76b5255d6aa4fafb2b3fd4034903cdb2017-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01069-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of phages of a common bacterial host, but their relationships to phages of phylogenetically proximal hosts are not known. Comparative sequence analysis of 79 phages isolated on Gordonia shows these also to be diverse and that the phages can be grouped into 14 clusters of related genomes, with an additional 14 phages that are “singletons” with no closely related genomes. One group of six phages is closely related to Cluster A mycobacteriophages, but the other Gordonia phages are distant relatives and share only 10% of their genes with the mycobacteriophages. The Gordonia phage genomes vary in genome length (17.1 to 103.4 kb), percentage of GC content (47 to 68.8%), and genome architecture and contain a variety of features not seen in other phage genomes. Like the mycobacteriophages, the highly mosaic Gordonia phages demonstrate a spectrum of genetic relationships. We show this is a general property of bacteriophages and suggest that any barriers to genetic exchange are soft and readily violable. IMPORTANCE Despite the numerical dominance of bacteriophages in the biosphere, there is a dearth of complete genomic sequences. Current genomic information reveals that phages are highly diverse genomically and have mosaic architectures formed by extensive horizontal genetic exchange. Comparative analysis of 79 phages of Gordonia shows them to not only be highly diverse, but to present a spectrum of relatedness. Most are distantly related to phages of the phylogenetically proximal host Mycobacterium smegmatis, although one group of Gordonia phages is more closely related to mycobacteriophages than to the other Gordonia phages. Phage genome sequence space remains largely unexplored, but further isolation and genomic comparison of phages targeted at related groups of hosts promise to reveal pathways of bacteriophage evolution.Welkin H. PopeTravis N. MavrichRebecca A. GarlenaCarlos A. Guerrero-BustamanteDeborah Jacobs-SeraMatthew T. MontgomeryDaniel A. RussellMarcie H. WarnerGraham F. HatfullAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleGordoniabacteriophage geneticsbacteriophagesMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 4 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gordonia bacteriophage genetics bacteriophages Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Gordonia bacteriophage genetics bacteriophages Microbiology QR1-502 Welkin H. Pope Travis N. Mavrich Rebecca A. Garlena Carlos A. Guerrero-Bustamante Deborah Jacobs-Sera Matthew T. Montgomery Daniel A. Russell Marcie H. Warner Graham F. Hatfull Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships
description	ABSTRACT The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of phages of a common bacterial host, but their relationships to phages of phylogenetically proximal hosts are not known. Comparative sequence analysis of 79 phages isolated on Gordonia shows these also to be diverse and that the phages can be grouped into 14 clusters of related genomes, with an additional 14 phages that are “singletons” with no closely related genomes. One group of six phages is closely related to Cluster A mycobacteriophages, but the other Gordonia phages are distant relatives and share only 10% of their genes with the mycobacteriophages. The Gordonia phage genomes vary in genome length (17.1 to 103.4 kb), percentage of GC content (47 to 68.8%), and genome architecture and contain a variety of features not seen in other phage genomes. Like the mycobacteriophages, the highly mosaic Gordonia phages demonstrate a spectrum of genetic relationships. We show this is a general property of bacteriophages and suggest that any barriers to genetic exchange are soft and readily violable. IMPORTANCE Despite the numerical dominance of bacteriophages in the biosphere, there is a dearth of complete genomic sequences. Current genomic information reveals that phages are highly diverse genomically and have mosaic architectures formed by extensive horizontal genetic exchange. Comparative analysis of 79 phages of Gordonia shows them to not only be highly diverse, but to present a spectrum of relatedness. Most are distantly related to phages of the phylogenetically proximal host Mycobacterium smegmatis, although one group of Gordonia phages is more closely related to mycobacteriophages than to the other Gordonia phages. Phage genome sequence space remains largely unexplored, but further isolation and genomic comparison of phages targeted at related groups of hosts promise to reveal pathways of bacteriophage evolution.
format	article
author	Welkin H. Pope Travis N. Mavrich Rebecca A. Garlena Carlos A. Guerrero-Bustamante Deborah Jacobs-Sera Matthew T. Montgomery Daniel A. Russell Marcie H. Warner Graham F. Hatfull
author_facet	Welkin H. Pope Travis N. Mavrich Rebecca A. Garlena Carlos A. Guerrero-Bustamante Deborah Jacobs-Sera Matthew T. Montgomery Daniel A. Russell Marcie H. Warner Graham F. Hatfull
author_sort	Welkin H. Pope
title	Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships
title_short	Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships
title_full	Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships
title_fullStr	Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships
title_full_unstemmed	Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships
title_sort	bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">gordonia</italic> spp. display a spectrum of diversity and genetic relationships
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/e76b5255d6aa4fafb2b3fd4034903cdb
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Bacteriophages of <italic toggle="yes">Gordonia</italic> spp. Display a Spectrum of Diversity and Genetic Relationships

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