Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.

There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villa...

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Autores principales:	Albert Picado, Bart Ostyn, Shri Prakash Singh, Surendra Uranw, Epco Hasker, Suman Rijal, Shyam Sundar, Marleen Boelaert, François Chappuis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e76e9a4137f546baadace016cac1df03
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e76e9a4137f546baadace016cac1df032021-11-18T08:34:30ZRisk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0087641https://doaj.org/article/e76e9a4137f546baadace016cac1df032014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24498159/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal were divided into three mutually exclusive groups based on their VL history and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) results in yearly serosurveys over a two-year period. The groups were (1) VL cases, (2) asymptomatically infected individuals (seroconverters) and (3) seronegative individuals. VL cases and seroconverters were compared to seronegative individuals in mixed logistic regression models. The risk of seroconversion and disease was significantly increased in individuals aged 14 to 24 years old and by the presence of other DAT-positive, asymptomatically infected individuals and VL cases in the house. The risk of seroconversion was higher in Indian than in Nepalese villages and it increased significantly with age, but not so for VL. This study demonstrates that, when risk factors for leishmanial infection and VL disease are evaluated in the same population, epidemiological determinants for asymptomatic infection and VL are largely similar.Albert PicadoBart OstynShri Prakash SinghSurendra UranwEpco HaskerSuman RijalShyam SundarMarleen BoelaertFrançois ChappuisPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e87641 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Albert Picado Bart Ostyn Shri Prakash Singh Surendra Uranw Epco Hasker Suman Rijal Shyam Sundar Marleen Boelaert François Chappuis Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
description	There is increasing interest in the role of asymptomatic infection in transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). We studied the individual, household and environmental factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infected individuals and VL. 7,538 individuals living in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal were divided into three mutually exclusive groups based on their VL history and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) results in yearly serosurveys over a two-year period. The groups were (1) VL cases, (2) asymptomatically infected individuals (seroconverters) and (3) seronegative individuals. VL cases and seroconverters were compared to seronegative individuals in mixed logistic regression models. The risk of seroconversion and disease was significantly increased in individuals aged 14 to 24 years old and by the presence of other DAT-positive, asymptomatically infected individuals and VL cases in the house. The risk of seroconversion was higher in Indian than in Nepalese villages and it increased significantly with age, but not so for VL. This study demonstrates that, when risk factors for leishmanial infection and VL disease are evaluated in the same population, epidemiological determinants for asymptomatic infection and VL are largely similar.
format	article
author	Albert Picado Bart Ostyn Shri Prakash Singh Surendra Uranw Epco Hasker Suman Rijal Shyam Sundar Marleen Boelaert François Chappuis
author_facet	Albert Picado Bart Ostyn Shri Prakash Singh Surendra Uranw Epco Hasker Suman Rijal Shyam Sundar Marleen Boelaert François Chappuis
author_sort	Albert Picado
title	Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
title_short	Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
title_full	Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
title_fullStr	Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
title_full_unstemmed	Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.
title_sort	risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic leishmania donovani infection in india and nepal.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/e76e9a4137f546baadace016cac1df03
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Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal.

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