Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology

Abstract Humans are unique in their diet, physiology and socio-reproductive behavior compared to other primates. They are also unique in the ubiquitous adaptation to all biomes and habitats. From an evolutionary perspective, these trends seem to have started about two million years ago, coinciding w...

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Autores principales:	Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, Enrique Baquedano, Elia Organista, Lucía Cobo-Sánchez, Audax Mabulla, Vivek Maskara, Agness Gidna, Marcos Pizarro-Monzo, Julia Aramendi, Ana Belén Galán, Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas, Marina Vegara-Riquelme, Blanca Jiménez-García, Natalia Abellán, Rebeca Barba, David Uribelarrea, David Martín-Perea, Fernando Diez-Martin, José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández, Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Lloyd Courtenay, Rocío Mora, Miguel Angel Maté-González, Diego González-Aguilera
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e79079530f69447089f880f1d3223eef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e79079530f69447089f880f1d3223eef2021-12-02T15:08:10ZEarly Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology10.1038/s41598-021-94783-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/e79079530f69447089f880f1d3223eef2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94783-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Humans are unique in their diet, physiology and socio-reproductive behavior compared to other primates. They are also unique in the ubiquitous adaptation to all biomes and habitats. From an evolutionary perspective, these trends seem to have started about two million years ago, coinciding with the emergence of encephalization, the reduction of the dental apparatus, the adoption of a fully terrestrial lifestyle, resulting in the emergence of the modern anatomical bauplan, the focalization of certain activities in the landscape, the use of stone tools, and the exit from Africa. It is in this period that clear taphonomic evidence of a switch in diet with respect to Pliocene hominins occurred, with the adoption of carnivory. Until now, the degree of carnivorism in early humans remained controversial. A persistent hypothesis is that hominins acquired meat irregularly (potentially as fallback food) and opportunistically through klepto-foraging. Here, we test this hypothesis and show, in contrast, that the butchery practices of early Pleistocene hominins (unveiled through systematic study of the patterning and intensity of cut marks on their prey) could not have resulted from having frequent secondary access to carcasses. We provide evidence of hominin primary access to animal resources and emphasize the role that meat played in their diets, their ecology and their anatomical evolution, ultimately resulting in the ecologically unrestricted terrestrial adaptation of our species. This has major implications to the evolution of human physiology and potentially for the evolution of the human brain.Manuel Domínguez-RodrigoEnrique BaquedanoElia OrganistaLucía Cobo-SánchezAudax MabullaVivek MaskaraAgness GidnaMarcos Pizarro-MonzoJulia AramendiAna Belén GalánGabriel Cifuentes-AlcobendasMarina Vegara-RiquelmeBlanca Jiménez-GarcíaNatalia AbellánRebeca BarbaDavid UribelarreaDavid Martín-PereaFernando Diez-MartinJosé Manuel Maíllo-FernándezAntonio Rodríguez-HidalgoLloyd CourtenayRocío MoraMiguel Angel Maté-GonzálezDiego González-AguileraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo Enrique Baquedano Elia Organista Lucía Cobo-Sánchez Audax Mabulla Vivek Maskara Agness Gidna Marcos Pizarro-Monzo Julia Aramendi Ana Belén Galán Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas Marina Vegara-Riquelme Blanca Jiménez-García Natalia Abellán Rebeca Barba David Uribelarrea David Martín-Perea Fernando Diez-Martin José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo Lloyd Courtenay Rocío Mora Miguel Angel Maté-González Diego González-Aguilera Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
description	Abstract Humans are unique in their diet, physiology and socio-reproductive behavior compared to other primates. They are also unique in the ubiquitous adaptation to all biomes and habitats. From an evolutionary perspective, these trends seem to have started about two million years ago, coinciding with the emergence of encephalization, the reduction of the dental apparatus, the adoption of a fully terrestrial lifestyle, resulting in the emergence of the modern anatomical bauplan, the focalization of certain activities in the landscape, the use of stone tools, and the exit from Africa. It is in this period that clear taphonomic evidence of a switch in diet with respect to Pliocene hominins occurred, with the adoption of carnivory. Until now, the degree of carnivorism in early humans remained controversial. A persistent hypothesis is that hominins acquired meat irregularly (potentially as fallback food) and opportunistically through klepto-foraging. Here, we test this hypothesis and show, in contrast, that the butchery practices of early Pleistocene hominins (unveiled through systematic study of the patterning and intensity of cut marks on their prey) could not have resulted from having frequent secondary access to carcasses. We provide evidence of hominin primary access to animal resources and emphasize the role that meat played in their diets, their ecology and their anatomical evolution, ultimately resulting in the ecologically unrestricted terrestrial adaptation of our species. This has major implications to the evolution of human physiology and potentially for the evolution of the human brain.
format	article
author	Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo Enrique Baquedano Elia Organista Lucía Cobo-Sánchez Audax Mabulla Vivek Maskara Agness Gidna Marcos Pizarro-Monzo Julia Aramendi Ana Belén Galán Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas Marina Vegara-Riquelme Blanca Jiménez-García Natalia Abellán Rebeca Barba David Uribelarrea David Martín-Perea Fernando Diez-Martin José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo Lloyd Courtenay Rocío Mora Miguel Angel Maté-González Diego González-Aguilera
author_facet	Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo Enrique Baquedano Elia Organista Lucía Cobo-Sánchez Audax Mabulla Vivek Maskara Agness Gidna Marcos Pizarro-Monzo Julia Aramendi Ana Belén Galán Gabriel Cifuentes-Alcobendas Marina Vegara-Riquelme Blanca Jiménez-García Natalia Abellán Rebeca Barba David Uribelarrea David Martín-Perea Fernando Diez-Martin José Manuel Maíllo-Fernández Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo Lloyd Courtenay Rocío Mora Miguel Angel Maté-González Diego González-Aguilera
author_sort	Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo
title	Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
title_short	Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
title_full	Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
title_fullStr	Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
title_full_unstemmed	Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
title_sort	early pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e79079530f69447089f880f1d3223eef
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Early Pleistocene faunivorous hominins were not kleptoparasitic, and this impacted the evolution of human anatomy and socio-ecology

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