Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India

Reproductive problems in dairy animals reduce fertility, prevent conception, create problems in the delivery of healthy calves, lead to postpartum complications, increase inter-calving periods, reduce milk yield, and lower overall lifetime productivity. This study aimed at understanding the incidenc...

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Autores principales:	Ram Pratim Deka, Ulf Magnusson, Delia Grace, Thomas F. Randolph, Rajeswari Shome, Johanna F. Lindahl
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	reproductive problems dairy animals economic burden cost loss India Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/e7b5d3a115fe4275bbe6f92cf1c64e96
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:e7b5d3a115fe4275bbe6f92cf1c64e962021-11-25T16:15:56ZEstimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India10.3390/ani111131162076-2615https://doaj.org/article/e7b5d3a115fe4275bbe6f92cf1c64e962021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3116https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Reproductive problems in dairy animals reduce fertility, prevent conception, create problems in the delivery of healthy calves, lead to postpartum complications, increase inter-calving periods, reduce milk yield, and lower overall lifetime productivity. This study aimed at understanding the incidence of reproductive problems and the cost caused by these. The study covered 954 dairy animals in Bihar and 1348 dairy animals in Assam that were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The costs were calculated as the sum of income losses and expenditures incurred. The major cost incurred resulted from extended calving intervals (46.1% of the total cost), followed by loss through salvage selling (38.1%), expenditure for treatment of repeat breeders (5.9%), loss of milk production (5.3%) and expenditure for extra inseminations (2.0%). About one fifth of the selected reproductive problems were left untreated. The estimated cost of reproductive problems was Indian Rupees (INR) 2424.9 (USD 36.1) per dairy animal per year (of the total dairy animal population) which represented approximately 4.1% of the mean value loss of dairy animals (INR 58,966/USD 877) per year. Reproductive problems were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher among improved (exotic breed or cross-bred) dairy animals than indigenous (native breed or nondescript indigenous) dairy animals. The study suggests that with the increase of improved dairy animal population, the loss may further increase. The study concludes that any economic estimation of reproduction problems based on aetiology without confirmatory diagnoses could be highly misleading because of the complex nature of the problems.Ram Pratim DekaUlf MagnussonDelia GraceThomas F. RandolphRajeswari ShomeJohanna F. LindahlMDPI AGarticlereproductive problemsdairy animalseconomic burdencostlossIndiaVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3116, p 3116 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	reproductive problems dairy animals economic burden cost loss India Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	reproductive problems dairy animals economic burden cost loss India Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Ram Pratim Deka Ulf Magnusson Delia Grace Thomas F. Randolph Rajeswari Shome Johanna F. Lindahl Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India
description	Reproductive problems in dairy animals reduce fertility, prevent conception, create problems in the delivery of healthy calves, lead to postpartum complications, increase inter-calving periods, reduce milk yield, and lower overall lifetime productivity. This study aimed at understanding the incidence of reproductive problems and the cost caused by these. The study covered 954 dairy animals in Bihar and 1348 dairy animals in Assam that were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. The costs were calculated as the sum of income losses and expenditures incurred. The major cost incurred resulted from extended calving intervals (46.1% of the total cost), followed by loss through salvage selling (38.1%), expenditure for treatment of repeat breeders (5.9%), loss of milk production (5.3%) and expenditure for extra inseminations (2.0%). About one fifth of the selected reproductive problems were left untreated. The estimated cost of reproductive problems was Indian Rupees (INR) 2424.9 (USD 36.1) per dairy animal per year (of the total dairy animal population) which represented approximately 4.1% of the mean value loss of dairy animals (INR 58,966/USD 877) per year. Reproductive problems were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) higher among improved (exotic breed or cross-bred) dairy animals than indigenous (native breed or nondescript indigenous) dairy animals. The study suggests that with the increase of improved dairy animal population, the loss may further increase. The study concludes that any economic estimation of reproduction problems based on aetiology without confirmatory diagnoses could be highly misleading because of the complex nature of the problems.
format	article
author	Ram Pratim Deka Ulf Magnusson Delia Grace Thomas F. Randolph Rajeswari Shome Johanna F. Lindahl
author_facet	Ram Pratim Deka Ulf Magnusson Delia Grace Thomas F. Randolph Rajeswari Shome Johanna F. Lindahl
author_sort	Ram Pratim Deka
title	Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India
title_short	Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India
title_full	Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India
title_fullStr	Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India
title_full_unstemmed	Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India
title_sort	estimates of the economic cost caused by five major reproductive problems in dairy animals in assam and bihar, india
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/e7b5d3a115fe4275bbe6f92cf1c64e96
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Estimates of the Economic Cost Caused by Five Major Reproductive Problems in Dairy Animals in Assam and Bihar, India

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